Vol 3, No 3 (2013)

Abstract. High susceptibility of immunocomromised human to infection (especially transplant recipients) is influenced by poor ability to combat it due to impaired cellmediated immunity plus high vulnerability to perturbations in the environment. Special considerations regarding infection in transplant recipients and particular approaches in laboratory diagnostics are based on profound analysis of the nature of viral infection in this population. In this article the modern knowledge about viral infections and laboratory diagnostic methods, particularly regarding CMV infection, in immunocompromised patients are discussed. 

Abstract. The aim of this study was to obtain ex vivo monolayer culture cells migrated from individual granulomas isolated from the spleens of the Balb/c line mice through 1–2 months after BCG vaccine infection. The second goal was to evaluate influence of different types of cells in the development of granulomatic inflammation and analysis of BCG bacteria content in these cells in the latent stage of tuberculosis. Granulomas were presented by macrophages in general. The number of granulomas was varied as in one mouse as between mice. Granulomas contained also dendritic cells (in average 10% from macrophages of granulomas) and lymphocytes. In some granulomas fibroblasts, neutrophils, eosiniphils, multinuclear cells of Pirogov–Langhans, megacariocytes and platelets were observed in all stages of infection. The number of these cells was also varied between granulomas. The acid staining BCG bacteria were only detected in macrophages, dendritic cells and Pirogov–Langhans cells of mice granulomas. Mice were different as by number of cells with BCG bacteria in granulomas as by number of granulomas with BCG-containing cells. The proposed model of granuloma cells of mice in ex vivo culture can be used to study interaction between host cells and mycobacteria to find new ways and methods of influence to intracellular pathogens in latent stage of tuberculosis. 

Abstract. The aim of study was to investigate peculiarities of specific immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated measles convalescents. Twelve infants with natural measles infection at 5–7th day after onset of rash (Group 1), 14 adults with natural measles infection at 5–7th day (Group 2), 13 adults with measles at 12–15th day after onset of rash (Group 3), and 15 measles patients previously vaccinated against measles (Group 4) were examined. Fifteen healthy adults had twodose measles vaccination at 1 year and 6 years old (Group 5), and 17 healthy adults had measles many years ago (Group 6) were included in the study as a control groups. Specific IgM, IgA, IgG antibodies in serum, and their subclasses and avidity were tested by ELISA. High level of specific IgM and IgA-antibodies, and increasing of low-avidity IgG-antibodies, predominantly IgG3 subclass were typical for the humoral immune response in unvaccinated patients. On the contrary, lower level of IgM and the highest level of specific IgA and high-avidity IgG, predominantly IgG1 subclass characterized the group of previously vaccinated measles patients. The humoral immune response in vaccinated volunteers was characterized by lower level of specific IgA, IgG and avidity than in adults had measles in their childhood (group 6). The laboratory plays a critical role in case classification when rash and fever develop in persons who have possibly been exposed to measles. Waning of measles antibody, however, does not necessarily equate to waning immunity, because B-memory cells responses can increase of the antibody synthesis.