Vol 4, No 3 (2014)

The analysis of Russian and foreign publications contained results of application of specific immunological methods for diagnostics of genital tuberculosis in patients with infertility has been carried out. It was established that methods of assessment of the system cellular (stimulated of gamma interferon by M. tuberculosis) and humoral (levels of specific immunoglobulins A, M, G classes) and also evaluation of the local specific immunity in patients with infertility were the perspective direction of identification and diagnostics of tuberculosis of genitals in women with infertility in time.

The aim of the study was to compare the content of BCG-mycobacteria in granulomas obtained from various organs of BALB/c mice with latent tuberculosis after in vivo exposure to BCG vaccine and in mouse bone marrow and peritoneal macrophages after BCG infection in vitro. The granuloma cells obtained from mice through 20 days, one and two months after their BCG-infecting in vivo were differed with respect to both the number of granulomas with macrophages containing the defined numbers of BCG-mycobacteria and the quantity of cells with the defined numbers of bacilli in granulomas. However, in the preparations obtained from each mice, granuloma macrophages contained solitary BCGmycobacteria. At the same time, a shorter acute infection of mouse peritoneal and bone marrow macrophages by BCG vaccine resulted in considerable growth of bacilli in the host cells for 5 days in the culture in vitro. Therefore, granuloma macrophages could control BCG infection both in mice with latent tuberculosis in vivo and in the ex vivo culture, on the contrary, the bone marrow and peritoneal macrophages were not capable to control the BCG infection in the culture in vitro.

Rotaviruses are the most frequent cause of children enteritis. This infection often leads to severe dehydration of organism. Many infectious diseases are accompanied by fluid loss being the most common cause of death. Nowadays an early vaccination is considered to be the most effective way for prevention of rotavirus infection. However attenuated alive vaccines are used for this purpose which can result in different complications. The candidate vaccine presented in this study was designed on the basis of recombinant fusion proteins — the crucial active agents for development of immune response against rotaviruses. As part of the study the following steps were taken: the design of fusion proteins VP6VP8 and FliCVP6VP8; protocol adjustment for induction of genes encoding these proteins expression, which yields in high level of the protein with minor expenditures; production and purification of recombinant proteins VP6VP8 and FliCVP6VP8 with metal affinity chromatography.

Aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cellular and humoral immunity and functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in women with monoinfection by human papillomavirus and combination of human papillomavirus (HPVI) and urogenital pathogens (UGI). It was established that more serious disorders in the immune system in women were revealed in case of mixed HPVI and UGI in compare with case of monoinfection by human papillomavirus. Only in patients with combined HPVI and UGI the content of total lymphocytes, T-cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes was reduced. In patients with combined HPVI and UGI the humoral immunity was characterised by increased concentration of IgM, its level of relative synthesis and content of circulating immune complexes. Independently of the infection type in women the reduction of CD4+ lymphocytes, NK-cells, increased number of γδТ-lymphocytes, as well as increase the functional activity of blood neutrophils have been detected. However, in case of combined HPVI and UGI an inhibitory effect on the reserve capacities of phagocytic cells was revealed.

Flu monitoring was carried out in children’s general hospital in St. Petersburg within three epidemic seasons (2010–2011, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013). 1916 patients under the age of 18 years were examined with the complex of virologic tests . The natural decreasing of flu incidence and predominant diagnosing in etiologic structure one of the virus serotypes [in the first A(H1N1)pdm09, in the second — A(H3N2)] have been observed during the first two years after a pandemic. In the third season restoration of the main characteristics of epidemic flu situation were detected: polietiology with annual change of serotypes proportions, late start (winter and spring), majority of younger children among hospitalaized patients and a mild course of disease. The most probable candidates [viruses of a subtype A(H3N2)] are revealed as a causal factor of significant increasing of disease incidence with the severe forms in the near future. Laboratory data were confirmed by increase in frequency of the complicated by pneumonia ARI at hospitalized patients during the periods of their maximum registration. All isolates received during the study were corresponded to the referens-strains included in vaccines. Thus, timely and appropriate vaccination during the studied period had to become an effective protection against a flu.

The objects of this study are Ixodes ticks which were collected in different areas of Kirov province. The aim of the study is to determine the proportion of TBEV infected ticks using the reverse transcription and PCR, depending
on time, place, and methods of collection in the Kirov province as well as of ticks specific and sexual identity. The study found that from the two tick species that were tested only taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus) but not the meadow thick (Dermacentor reticulatus) was the TBEV vector. Study also has shown that both males and females ticks can be the TBEV vectors. Moreover, it was proved the importance of ticks testing which were gathered not only from human but also from animals, primary from dogs, and from the plants.

Description of two clinical cases of chronic HBV hepatitis at cirrhotic stage associated with type III cryoglobulinemia manifested with symptoms of systemic vasculitis is presented in current article. There were no signs of HCV infection in both patients. In first case cutaneous vasulitis appeared after 19 years since serological finding of HBsAg and vasculitis progressed despite steroid therapy. Initiation of antiviral therapy (entecavir 0.5 g/day) induced transient remission. After interruption of antiviral therapy vasculitis reappeared with several vasculitic ulcers on lower legs. Mild improvement of vasculitis was noted after repeated plasmapheresis, steroid and cytostatic treatment with addition of lamivudin. Despite therapy reactivation of HBV infection was detected. Lamivudin was changed to entecavir and rituximab was given in two 500 mg infusions. Combined antiviral and anti-CD20 treatment induced remission of cutaneous vasculitis and healing of leg ulcers. In other case vasculitis manifested after 21 years since detection of HBsAg with cutaneous purpura, arthritis and microhematuria. Entecavir 0.5 g/day induced rapid virological response and complete remission of symptoms related to vasculitis. Similar literature cases were reviewed and available treatment options in refractory cryoglobulinemic vasculitis were discussed.