Vol 4, No 2 (2014)

Abstract. We present a concise review of contemporary laboratory methods for diagnosis of rickettsioses with special emphasis on diseases known in Russian Federation. Classic and emerging rickettsioses are transmitted by a diverse and expanding group of arthropod vectors including ticks, fleas, lice and mites. While epidemiological and clinical clues can provide information important for initial suspicion of rickettsial infection, sensitive and specific laboratory methods are necessary for providing probable or confirmed diagnosis of the rickettsial infection. Accurate and rapid confirmation of rickettsial infection is important for ensuring proper clinical care and prompt initiation of antibiotic therapy. Correct identification of the etiology of rickettsial diseases is also important for early identification of clustered cases, novel foci of infections, and for timely initiation of public health responses to these potentially fatal infections.

Abstract. There are evidences of increasing cervix uteri malignant tumors in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the period of 2003–2013. In such situation new, more effective, but less expensive organizational measures for prevention and early identification of oncological diseases should be developed. The recent epidemiological studies have convincingly shown that high-oncological-risk genital papilloma viral infection was certain risk factor of developing pre-cancer changes and cervical cancer. Detection of HPV regional epidemiological characteristics is extremely important for optimization of programs on diagnostics and prevention of cervix uteri cancer. The epidemiological and molecular-biological studies in Yakutia have detected more high infection rate in the female population than in male one. It was established that 11 high-oncological-risks genotypes of the virus circulating in the region with considerable prevalence of HPV Type 16. Since 2008 the program on vaccination against papilloma viral infection for girls and young women aged 10 to 25 years has been implemented in Yakutia Over six years, the number of vaccinated girls and women in Yakutsk reached 1093 persons. It has been the first experience in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Regions.

Abstract. This article is devoted to the role of cytological and virological screening in the secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Five hundred and fifty two cases of carcinoma in situ (of cervical cancer) and 1248 cases of invasive cervical cancer over a period of 15 years were analyzed. This period has separated into three stages: I — 1998–2002, II — 2003–2007, III — 2008–2012 years. Cervical cancer morbidity in Karelia is reported to increase tripled from 10.5 to 30.5 causes per 100 thousand women population. The excess incidence has identified among young women in reproductive age including 
an age group < 30 year. It has been noticed that the detection rate of carcinoma in situ was statistically significant increased from 24.34±9.2% in 1998–2002 to 62.8±20.9% in 2008–2012 years. There are three different level regional groups of early cervical cancer detection (0–I–II stage) in the Republic of Karelia. Despite of the fact, that the cervical cancer is increas-ing significantly, there are a good results of its early diagnostics, thanking to the cytological and virological screening in Karelia.

Abstract. The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of HPV infection on lymphogenic metastasis and survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. DNA was isolated from tumor tissue and tumor-adjacent normal epithelium of 64 patients with head and neck tumors of different localization. Detection of 12 HPV genotypes was carried out by the PCR using AmpliSens diagnostic kits (Russia). The association between HPV infection and clinical-pathological parameters of the patients was assessed. HPV was detected in tumor tissue and in the surrounding normal tissue in 22% of patients. The most common HPV genotypes were 16 and 51. No association of HPV infection with sex, age, location, TNM stage and differentiation grade was found. The Kaplan Meier method showed a tendency towards the improvement of the overall and recurrence-free survival of HPV-positive patients with head and neck cancer (p = 0.09 and p = 0.12 respectively). The multivariate survival analysis using Cox’s regression model showed that the patient’s age and the presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.002) significantly influence on patient survival (p = 0.014 and p = 0.002 respectively).

Abstract. The comparative study of immunocompetent cells’ phenotype was performed in patients with the preinvasive and microinvasive cervical cancer before and after the treatment. Besides, the study of importance of selected cellular immunity indices as a predicitive factors of effective surgical treatment in a combination with immunotherapy (the study group) in comparison with a surgical treatment only (the control group) have been conducted. The true numerical normalization of subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocyte has been determined including the expression level of suppressor lymphocytes molecular markers (FOXP3 и TGF-β1) and the expression level of CD95-marker in a study group in comparison with a control group. Moreover, true decrease of HPV (human papillomavirus) — positive patients (1.7%) and the absence of E7 oncoprotein in the study group have been discovered.

Abstract. In 2012, information on vaccination against human papillomavirus infection was included in the form of state statistics number 5 «Information on vaccinations» in according to the Order of Rosstat number 645. In the world practice, as one of the early performance criteria of effectiveness of immunization against human papilloma virus is  morbidity rate by anogenital warts. The aim of this study was to investigate the regional characteristics of distribution of anogenital (venereal) warts before and in the initial periods of vaccination against human papillomavirus infection in three regions of the North-West Federal Regions — Saint Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast, Republic of Karelia. The period of retrospective epidemiological analysis was 10 years. There were significant differences in the levels and trends, morbidity by anogenital warts in general population and by gender. Moreover, different patterns of the frequency of disease among household contacts were revealed. In all three areas persons of 18–29 years old were identified as the risk group. The importance of determining the characteristics of epidemic processes for specified nosology in each territory has been demonstrated.