Vol 1, No 2 (2011)

Abstract. Data about efficacy of conducting of routine vaccination of children against Hepatitis A are presented in the article. The results of realization such strategy of vaccine prevention of Hepatitis A in selected regions of Russian Federation are evaluated. The perspectives of using this experience in other regions of the country is discussed.

Abstract. The serial materials on the history of establishment and the modern concepts of bioethics in the field of infectious pathology is planned to present in several articles. In the current report problems of forming and compliance of social responsibility are considered. It is demonstrated the universal importance of ethic principles and specificity of their realization in the different stages of combating with infectious diseases. 

Abstract. Flow cytometry allows estimating quantitative and qualitative structure of populations and subpopulations of immune system cells by using various methodical approaches and a wide spectrum of reagents. For diagnostics the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) the flow cytometry became irreplaceable. Traditionally, immunologists examine standard model of an estimation of immune dysfunction on the basis of classical markers of Т-cells (CD3, CD4, CD8) at the HIV-infection. But researchers pay less attention to other populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes, such as γδ-, αβ- and CD38+ Т-cells. The quantitative estimation of these parameters from a HIV and AIDS patients enables to see pathogenesis a HIV infection and the prediction of its development from another side.

Abstract. The second part of the review deals with teratogenic action of the Rubella virus and description of congenital
rubella syndrome (CRS). The review contains updates concerning clinical signs of congenital rubella. The frequency
of CRS in modern period of time is discussed.

Abstract. The hepatitis A has important social and economic significance in the Russian Federation now. The analysis of multiyear dynamics of hepatitis A incidence in the regional center — Perm city has been carried out. It was established that vaccination of children against hepatitis A within the different institutions influenced on the intensity of epidemic process. The hepatitis A incidence rates significantly decreased in the vaccinated groups and in the whole population. The typical seasonal distribution of cases and their clustering became less manifested.

Abstract. The paper presents literature data and results of own studies on the Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) and its association with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Kastleman disease (MCD). The obtained data show that all 3 main clinical forms of KS, diagnosed in Russia, are significantly associated with KSHV, though not always in 100% of cases. Distinct groups of persons with high prevalence of virus infection have been detected among patients with other forms of cancer and non-cancer diseases that may represent a risk factor for development of KS. It was found that the prostate, especially in patients with carcinoma of the prostate and KS could be an important localization of virus and intimate contact with these patients should be limited. For the first time in Russia HIV-negative case of PEL associated with KSHV had been diagnosed and studied in details. It was also demonstrated that isolates of KSHV, circulating in the country, belong to the two major genetic subgroups of the virus (A and C), a widely represented in the European countries and in the United States, which indicates a common origin of the virus in these countries. The current methodologies of KS’ treatment are also presented.

Abstract. The present day there is no universally accepted algorithm for the application of PCR for the diagnostics of urogenital infections and interpretation of results. At the same time, the application of PCR for diagnostics of infection by opportunistic such pathogens as M. hominis, U. parvum can make the antibiotictherapy to be unnecessary.

Abstract. The aim of current work is to study influence of peptides in vitro and in vivo on cytokines synthesis (IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNFα) on the level of their transcription and production. The study of synthesized peptides has shown that all of them had antiviral activity related to tested pathogens (HSV, influenza H3N2, VEMC) with different grade. It could be explained by induction of cytokine response under the action of peptides in norm and in case of viral infections in vitro. However, data obtained in vivo, more adequately characterized antiviral activity of synthesized peptides. The results of study have shown that minimal fragments which had antiviral characteristics are dual peptides Thr-Lys and Gly-Pro; more active as antiviral was peptide Gly-Pro. Thus, our conception about possibility of minimal fragment’s selection from Selank peptide sequence having antiviral activity has been confirmed. This make possible directional construction of new peptides for clinical use which will be helpful in combating with social related diseases as influenza, herpes viral infection etc.

Abstract. Strains of Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from faces were studied to detect virulence factors of “classical” enteric pathogens causing acute diarrhea (Shigella, Salmonella, diarreagenic Escherichia coli). We haven’t detect in Klebsiella the genes encode different virulence factors: the abilities to adherence (sfa, afa, aaf/1, eae), invasion (ipaH, ial), production of heat-lable toxins (elt, LT II), heat-stable toxins (st1, st2) and Shiga toxins (stx1, stx2). Klebsiella spp. is well-known pathogen of the opportunistic infections of urinary tract, blood, wound, respiratory tract. But this bacteria hasn’t virulence factors of diarreagenic Enterobacteriaceae and can’t cause acute diarrhea and other gut pathology.