Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
- Year: 2011
- Articles: 14
- URL: https://iimmun.ru/iimm/issue/view/5
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2011-1
EDITORIAL
3-4
REVIEWS
RUBELLA VIRUS AND ITS TERATOGENIC ACTION. PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL COURSE, DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION OF CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME. ARTICLE 1. RUBELLA VIRUS: MOLECULAR–BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Abstract
Abstract. This review summarizes data about rubella virus and its teratogenic action, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), modern methods of diagnostics and prevention of infection. The current article provide information concerning modern knowledge about structural and functional organization of Rubella virus (genius Rubivirus, family Togaviridae), stages of viral reproduction.
23-28
THE OUTER MEMBRANE OF PATHOGENIC REPRESENTATIVES OF THE LEPTOSPIRA GENIUS
Abstract
Abstract. Pathogenic leptospires can infect wide spectrum of hosts and they can survive in the environment long time. The outer membrane is the cellular component participated in interaction of microorganisms and environment. In present time several proteins located in the outer membrane of leptospires which are responsible for colonization of host organism, protection from influence of immune system of host, transport of substances in to the cell and other processes have been described. The outer membrane contains proteins and lipopolysaccharide molecules which have citotoxic effect. It was shown that regulation of protein composition of membranes depends on several factors of environment such as temperature, osmolarity, presence of certain substances in environment. Lipopolysaccharide and protein molecules of outer membranes have antigenic properties. These molecules can be used in practice as the components of vaccine against leptospiroses and diagnostic tools. Current review summarize information concerning structural organization of the outer membrane of leptospires, diversities of incoming parts of molecules and regulation of their synthesis. Moreover, perspectives of practical using of the outer membrane components in diagnostics and prevention of leptospiroses are presented.
29-42
TOXOPLASMOSIS: MODERN STRATEGIES OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
Abstract
Abstract. Modern conceptions concerning congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis and some indications for patients’ examination are discussed in the paper. Methods of toxoplasmosis laboratory diagnostics focused on DNA, toxoplasms’ antigens, IgM, IgA, IgG antibodies identification with avidity determination and Line-blot evidence have been elucidated. Liquor analysis specificity in cerebral damage in HIV patients and acquired toxoplasmosis has been reproduced.
43-50
MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTION AND PURULENT BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
Abstract
Abstract. In the review modern data on taxonomy, biological features and clinical significance of agent of meningococcal infection and bacterial purulent meningitis are presented. Methods of laboratory diagnostics as well as recommendations about use of high-quality culture media and diagnostic kits for isolation and identification of microorganisms are described. Modern techniques to detect sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics are proposed.
51-58
OPPORTUNITIES OF FLOW CYTOMETRY IN DIAGNOSTICS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. PART 1
Abstract
Abstract. Development of a modern medical science demands more thorough and deeper approach to diagnostics of diseases. New diagnostic technologies for these investigations are necessary and flow cytometry is such technology. Modern achievements in the field of fluorescent dyes, development of laser and computer technologies, have led to wide use of the given technology in medical practice. Infectious immunology is not exception. Cytokines production analysis at tuberculosis, HLA-DR expression changes for monocytes and CD64 for granulocytes at sepsis are the important diagnostic attributes. Flow cytometry offers new approaches to early and faster diagnostics of infringements of immune system at tuberculosis and sepsis, allows supervising development of these pathologies more effectively and estimate efficiency of therapy.
59-66
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE TO LEPTOSPIROSIS EVOLUTION
Abstract
Abstract. It has been shown that practical activity of people during the last several decades exerts significant influence not only for frequency of population’s contacts with leptospirosis foci, but also for changes of mammalian types which are reservoirs and sources of infection. The last ones in significant proportion determined etiological structure of human diseases, mechanisms of infection transmission, social and professional groups, who have highest risk to be infected, and also incidence rates and changes in clinical course of infection and its outcomes. The evolution of leptospirosis is characterized by cyclic changes of epidemiological and clinical indices.
67-76
MODERN STATUS OF VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS OF MUMPS
Abstract
Abstract. Vaccination against mumps is conducted in Russian Federation since 1981. This made it possible to decrease mumps incidence more than 600 times in compare with pre-vaccination period. Moreover disease became milder and mortality was eliminated. Population of Russia is immunized by locally-produced mono- and bivalent vaccines on the base of L3 strain. Vaccination and revaccination against mumps is safe and highly effective.
77-80
EDITOR NOTES
7-8
LECTURES
NEW ASPECTS OF ANTI-INFECTION IMMUNITY
Abstract
Abstract. Four types of adaptive immune response which are regulated by different T-cell populations, namely Th1, Th2, Th17 and T regs have been described. At the first time classification is based on the difference in transcription factors but not due to diversity of cytokines produced. Each population of T-lymphocytes possesses a set of unique transcription factors and directions of cell signaling. Each type of immune responses plays a key role in the protection against certain types of pathogens. The Th1-response is important against intracellular bacteria and fungi, the Th17 — against extracellular, the Th2 — against yeasts and protozoa. T-regulatory cells control all types of immune responses. Diversity of immune response mechanisms occurs due to involvement of different effector cells. The Th1-type of response is connected with macrophage activation, Th2-cells cooperate with B-lymphocytes as well as attract eosinophils and mast cells. Th17 lymphocytes stimulate neutrophils and epithelial cells. T-cell differentiation is directed by the cytokines produced by innate immune cells. Phagocytes recognize molecular patterns at the surface of pathogens via pattern-recognition receptors (PRR), become activated and synthesize cytokines. Pathogen plays important role in this process while instructing dendritic cells. Pathogen dials a special code from a number of phagocyte surface receptors, which is named as «combinatory» recognition. Phagocytes possess several different types of activation and synthesize different cytokines that direct T-lymphocytes to a certain type of differentiation.
9-14
VIRUS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA. EPIDEMIOLOGY, LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION OF PAPILLOMA VIRAL INFECTION
Abstract
Abstract. The information reflected modern knowledge about virus of human papilloma (VHP) and pathogenesis of papilloma viral infection is presented in the lecture. The actual problems of epidemiology, laboratory diagnostics and prevention of VHP associated damage of cervical epithelium have been described.
15-22
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
NEUROTROPIC PEPTID CALLED SELANK WITH ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AGAINST HUMAN AND BIRD INFLUENZA AND HERPES VIRUS INFECTIONS
Abstract
Abstract. The antiviral action of Selank which is the neurotropic and psychotropic peptide has been studied. Antiviral characteristics of Selank were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo against influenza virus strain H3N2 and H5N1 and Herpes virus 1, 2 types. It was shown that Selank may have the prophylactic effect during influenza infection and therapeutic effect during herpes virus infection.
81-84
VACCINATION OF PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGY DISEASES AGAINST MEASLES AND MUMPS
Abstract
Abstract. One hundred and seven children (45 girls and 62 boys) in the age of 20 months — 14 years old (mean 9,62±0,37) suffered from acute lymphoblast leukosis and solid tumors in history have been examined in the clinic of Research Institute of children infections of FMBA. The vaccination history was studied in all children and the titers of specific antibodies to measles and mumps viruses as well as immune status were determined. 83,8% and 85,4% of studied children had no protection against measles and mumps respectively or had low titers of antibodies. Immunological examination of these children conducted within 4 months after finishing of therapy revealed absence of immunodeficiency. It gave opportunities to vaccinate or revaccinate these children against mentioned infections. Fifty three children were immunized against measles and 47 — against mumps. Application of live vaccines was safe because majority of vaccinated against measles (81,1%) and mumps (82,9%) children had mild vaccination process. It was established that to increase immunological efficacy of vaccination using of polyoxidony during 5 days before vaccination and 5 days after vaccination is reasonable.
85-91
OBITUARY
Boris Semenov
Abstract
15 декабря 2010 года на 82 году жизни скончался выдающийся российский ученый, академик РАМН, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заслуженный деятель науки РСФСР, лауреат Премии Совета Министров СССР и Премии Правительства Российской Федерации в области науки и техники БОРИС ФЕДОРОВИЧ СЕМЕНОВ.
92
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 64788 от 02.02.2016.