MEASLES, RUBELLA, MUMPS AND DIPHTHERIA НERD IMMUNITY IN THE POPULATION OF THE SOME KHERSON’S REGION DISTRICTS



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Abstract

Introduction. Specific prevention of vaccine-preventable infections (VPIs) has been the main prerequisite to radically lower their incidence in the Russian Federation. Since the Kherson Region joined the Russian Federation in 2024–2025, no VPI cases have been recorded, likely due to the level of herd immunity. The actual number of individuals immune to VPIs can only be estimated through serologically monitored herd immunity. Study Objective: to assess herd immunity to measles, mumps, rubella, and diphtheria in specific Kherson Region districts. Materials and Methods: The study involved 2,807 volunteers in seven municipal districts, aged 1 to 70+ years. A volunteer cohort, stratified by age (1-5, 6-11, 12-17, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, ≥70), was randomized using the Web application. During the study, participants completed a questionnaire, IgG antibodies to specific agents (measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria) were measured in venous blood samples using ELISA test kits (Russia). Results. The average cohort seroprevalence for measles, rubella, mumps, and diphtheria among volunteers in the region were 83.4%, 95.1%, 65.7%, and 83.4%, respectively. Adults aged 18-29 years were the least protected against measles, rubella, and mumps, with the seropositivity:  <70% for measles; 84.5% for rubella; and 44.6% for mumps. The most protected were people aged ≥50 years: 91.5-99.4% for measles; >98% for rubella; and 74.5-87.1% for mumps. People over 60 were the least protected against diphtheria (63.8-76.5%). In children's groups, maximum seroprevalence was noted in the group aged 6-11 years: 90.8% for measles; >96.9% for rubella; 64.6% for mumps; and 90.4% for diphtheria. Most volunteers had low to moderate anti-measles and anti-diphtheria IgG levels; and high anti-rubella IgG levels. The seropositivity of "naive" volunteers (those denying infection or vaccination) indicates insufficient laboratory VPI diagnostics in the Kherson Region. Conclusion. The level of herd immunity in the surveyed areas (Kherson Region) met the criterion for epidemiological well-being only with regard to rubella. Specifically, the percentage of seronegative individuals was below 10%. Insufficient seroprevalence for the measles and mumps viruses, as well as the C.diphtheria, reflects conditions conducive for the spread of these infections among the population.

About the authors

Anna Yu. Popova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: depart@gsen.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2567-9032

 DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Россия, Moscow

Viacheslav Snirnov

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: vssmi@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2723-1496

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher

Россия

Svetlana A. Egorova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: egorova72@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7589-0234

DSc (Medicine), Deputy Director for Innovation

Россия, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Angelica M. Milichkina

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: Milichkina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9421-7109

PhD (Medicine), Head Physician of the Medical Center

Россия, St. Petersburg

Vladimir M. Turov

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: vladimturow@yandex.ru
Scopus Author ID: 0009-0005-2419-3040

Head of Department

Россия

Irina V. Drozd

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: ckdl@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1966-7860

PhD (Biology), Head of the Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory

Россия, St. Petersburg

Zinaida V. Vasilieva

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: zinaidovna.zina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-0847-8841

Epidemiologist

Россия

Oyuna B. Zhimbaeva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: damaoyuna@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0807-9588

Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics of the Medical Center

Россия, St. Petersburg

Alexandra V. Gubanova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: gubanovasasha2012@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7222-081X

Doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics of the Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory

Россия, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Lidiya V. Buts

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: butz@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2631-0256

PhD (Medicine), 1st Category Specialist

Россия, St. Petersburg

Nikita N. Zotkin

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: zotkin@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-2217-5764

Laboratory Research Assistant

Россия

Tatyana V. Arbuzova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: arbuzova@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3074-8656

Junior Researcher, Epidemiological Monitoring and Forecasting Group

Россия, St. Petersburg

Olga I. Demidyk

Ministry of Health of Kherson Oblast

Email: demedyk@khogov.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-1699-7353

Deputy Minister of health

Россия

Valery A Ivanov

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: korsaring@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4512-8588

Systems Analyst

Россия

Georgy B. Dymchenko

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: fbuz_84@cge-kherson.ru

Chief Physician; Laboratory Physician

Россия

Areg A. Totolian

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: totolian@spbraaci.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4571-8799

RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Director, Head of the Department of Immunology

Россия, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

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Copyright (c) Popova A.Y., Snirnov V., Egorova S.A., Milichkina A.M., Turov V.M., Drozd I.V., Vasilieva Z.V., Zhimbaeva O.B., Gubanova A.V., Buts L.V., Zotkin N.N., Arbuzova T.V., Demidyk O.I., Ivanov V.A., Dymchenko G.B., Totolian A.A.

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