Identification and determination of resistance to antimycotic factors in yeast clinical isolates during respiratory diseases

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Abstract

The prevalence of yeast infections has increased significantly over the past few decades, with resistance of isolated pathogens to antimicrobial agents becoming progressively more pressing. Commonly occurring pathogenic yeasts include genus Candida, with C. albicans species being the dominant in both superficial and invasive infectious processes. This report presents data on the identification and determination of antimycotic drug resistance for yeast isolates obtained from clinical material of a patient with chronic bronchitis and a patient with generalized fungal infection. As a result of genomic identification, the strain causing the generalized infection was identified as Candida utilis, confirming the literature data on its increasing prevalence, considered a rare pathogen of invasive processes, as a new dangerous pathogen. Antimycotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance of C. utilis strain to commonly used antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole, weak sensitivity to clotrimazole, nystatin and amphotericin B. The strain from a patient with chronic bronchitis was identified as C. africana, considered to be a C. albicans species. Excepting itraconazole, the strain showed varying sensitivity to the five antimycotic drugs used in the experiment. Both isolated yeast strains actively grew at elevated temperature, were able to form a capsule, hyphal sprouts and biofilms, features which distinguish potentially pathogenic Candida from saprotrophic strains. Combined antifungal therapy includes the use of probiotic preparations based on microorganisms that exhibit antagonism against fungi. The present work shows an effective inhibitory effect from secreted water-soluble metabolites of spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus lichenformis, antiseptics “Octenisept” and “Chlorhexidine”, as well as rosemary and sandalwood oil extracts on growth activity of the studied pathogenic yeast strains and a typical control strain of C. albicans Y-583.

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About the authors

Irina S. Andreeva

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”

Author for correspondence.
Email: andreeva_is@vector.nsc.ru

PhD (Biology), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of Biophysics and Ecological Research

Россия, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

V. V. Morozova

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: andreeva_is@vector.nsc.ru

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology

Россия, Novosibirsk

A. S. Kabanov

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”

Email: andreeva_is@vector.nsc.ru

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Microorganisms Collection

Россия, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

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Supplementary files

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2. Figure 1. Cell (A, ×2500) and colony (B) morphology of yeast strains Y-1370, Y-1395, and Y-583 (type strain Candida albicans)

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3. Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of strain Y-1395 ITS-sequence. The alignment was performed by the ClustalW algorithm, the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method, with 1000 replicates. The analyzed sequence is depicted as a black box

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4. Figure 3. Phylogenetic analysis of strain Y-1370 ITS-sequence. Alignment was performed by the ClustalW algorithm, phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method, with 1000 replicates. The analyzed sequence is denoted by a black circle

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5. Figure 4. Nucleotide sequence of fungal strain Y-1370ITS fragment

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6. Figure 5. Nucleotide sequence of fungal strain Y-1395 ITS fragment

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7. Figure 6. Hyphal sprout formation in Candida yeast-like cells cultured on corn agar; ×2500

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8. Figure 7. Determination of antiseptics fungal strain sensitivity

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Copyright (c) 2024 Andreeva I.S., Morozova V.V., Kabanov A.S.

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