Measures counteracting 2016 spread of vaccine-derived poliomyelitis virus type 2 in Russian Federation

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Since April 2016 after global cessation of using trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) and switch to bivalent OPV consisting of polioviruses types 1 and 3 (the “switch”), any isolation of type 2 poliovirus has been regarded as an event of extreme importance requiring investigation, risk assessment and decision making. In 2016, 2 cases of isolated vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 from healthy children was registered in Russia. Our study was aimed at on the assessing a risk of further spread of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 and provide measures for preventing its further spread based on epidemiological investigation and genetic characteristics of the isolated viruses. The cases were revealed within the surveillance program for poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis syndrome conducted in the Russian Federation. The laboratory investigation was carried out in accordance with the algorithm adopted in the Russian Federation and recommended by the WHO standards: virus isolation on RD, L20B and Hep2C cell cultures, identification in the neutralization reaction, intratyping differentiation by using RT-PCR in real-time mode, sequencing of the poliovirus genome fragments encoding the VP1 protein. A risk assessment for spread of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was performed in accordance with the WHO recommendations. There was uncovered a genetic relationship between virus strains isolated in September and December from unvaccinated Moscow resident boy (1 year old) who arrived from the Chechen Republic and from unvaccinated girl resident of the Chechen Republic (1 year old) with impaired humoral and cellular immunity. The virus strains were found to bear 10 and 13 genomic nucleotide substitutions, respectively, at the site encoding the VP1 protein compared with the Sabin type 2 vaccine strain that allowed to classify them as vaccine-derived polioviruses. In particular, both virus strains were shown to originate from the type 2 strain presented in the tOPV used shortly before the “switch”. Epidemiological investigation revealed family ties and probable contact between both children in the same premises. A series of organizational and vaccination measures was undertaken, as well as polio surveillance was strengthened in the region. No new type 2 polioviruses of vaccine origin were detected in the territory of the Chechen Republic during 18-month monitoring follow-up. The risk assessment of spread for vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in a region, Russian Federation as well as cross-boundary spread identified it as “low,” requiring no use of type 2 monovalent OPV. Such experience for countermeasures may be taken into account to oppose the risks before and after the global certification for poliomyelitis eradication.

About the authors

A. Yu. Popova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)

Email: depart@gsen.ru

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief State Sanitary Physician of the Russian Federation, Head.

Moscow

Россия

E. B. Ezhlova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)

Email: ezhlova_eb@gsen.ru

PhD (Medicine), Deputy Director, Epidemiological Surveillance Department.

Moscow

Россия

A. A. Melnikova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)

Email: Melnikova_AA@gsen.ru

PhD (Medicine), Deputy Director, Epidemiological Surveillance Department.

Moscow

Россия

N. S. Morozova

Federal Budget Institution of Health ofRospotrebnadzor“Federal Centre ofHygiene and Epidemiology”

Email: ovp@fcgie.ru

Head of the Department for Support of Epidemiological Surveillance.

Moscow

Россия

Yu. M. Mikhailova

Federal Budget Institution of Health ofRospotrebnadzor“Federal Centre ofHygiene and Epidemiology”

Email: oki@fcgie.ru

Epidemiologist of the Department for Support of Epidemiological Surveillance.

Moscow

Россия

O. E. Ivanova

FSBSI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development ofImmune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy ofSciences; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: ivanova_oe@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1784-4827

Olga Ye. Ivanova - PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Poliomyelitis and Other Enterovirus Infections, Chumakov FSCRDIBP; Professor, Department of Organization and Production Technology of Immunobiological Preparations, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, FMSMU named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University).

108819, Moscow, Moskovsky Settlement, Institute of Poliomielitis, home ownership 8, build. 1, Phone: +7 (495) 841-90-54. Fax: +7 (495) 549-67-60, +7 (495) 841-93-21

Россия

L. I. Kozlovskaya

FSBSI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development ofImmune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy ofSciences; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: lubov_i_k@mail.ru

PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Poliomyelitis and Other Enterovirus Infections, Chumakov FSCRDIBP; Associate Professor, Department of Organization and Production Technology of Immunobiological Preparations, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, FMSMU named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University).

Moscow Россия

T. P. Eremeeva

FSBSI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development ofImmune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy ofSciences

Email: poliom_ldms@mail.ru

PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Poliomyelitis and Other Enterovirus Infections, Chumakov FSCRDIBP.

Moscow

Россия

A. P. Gmyl

FSBSI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development ofImmune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy ofSciences; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: apgmyl@mail.ru

PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chumakov FSCRDIBP.

Moscow

Россия

E. A. Korotkova

A.N. Belozersky Institute ofPhysical-ChemicalBiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: kel@sumail.ru

PhD (Biology), Researcher, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University,

Moscow

Россия

O. Yu. Baykova

FSBSI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development ofImmune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy ofSciences

Email: baykovaaa@mail.ru

Researcher, Laboratory of Poliomyelitis and Other Enterovirus Infections, Chumakov FSCRDIBP.

Moscow

Россия

A. Yu. Krasota

FSBSI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development ofImmune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy ofSciences; A.N. Belozersky Institute ofPhysical-ChemicalBiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: krasota@belozersky.msu.ru

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Poliomyelitis and Other Enterovirus Infections, Chumakov FSCRDIBP; Researcher, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov MSU.

Moscow

Россия

А. V. Ivanenko

Federal Budget Institution ofHealth of Rospotrebnadzor “Centerfor Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow”

Email: fbuz@mossanepid.ru

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Medical Director.

Moscow

Россия

M. S. Yarmolskaya

Federal Budget Institution ofHealth of Rospotrebnadzor“Centerfor Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow”

Email: mashay@bk.ru

Head of Virology Department.

Moscow

Россия

I. V. Kovalchuk

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Stavropol region

Email: Kovalchuk_IV@26.rospotrebnadzor.ru

PhD (Medicine), Deputy Medical Director, Department of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Stavropol Region,

Stavropol Россия

E. N. Romanenko

Federal Budget Institution ofHealth of Rospotrebnadzor “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Stavropol Region”

Email: poliost@fbuz26.ru

Head of the Laboratory of Virology.

Stavropol Россия

References

  1. ВОЗ. Международные медико-санитарные правила. 3-е издание. ВОЗ, 2016 г. URL: https://www.who.int/ihr/IHR_2005_ru.pdf
  2. ВОЗ. Отчет о 31-м совещании Европейской региональной комиссии по сертификации ликвидации полиомиелита (РКС) ВОЗ, 2017. URL: http://www.euro.who.int/_data/assets/pdf_file/0007/355498/31st-RCC-report-2017-RUS.pdf?ua=1
  3. Попова А.Ю., Ежлова Е.Б., Мельникова А.А., Фролова Н.В., Сенникова В.Г., Морозова Н.С. О качестве и результативности эпидемиологического надзора за ПОЛИО/ОВП и организации профилактических мероприятий на территории Российской Федерации // Здоровье населения и среда обитания. 2016. Т. 277, № 4. C. 31—34.
  4. Романенкова Н.И., Бичурина М.А., Розаева Н.Р., Погребная Т.Н. Роль эпидемиологического надзора за мигрантами в системе надзора за полиомиелитом // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2012. № 6. С. 27—31.
  5. Профилактика полиомиелита: Санитарно-эпидемиологические правила СП 3.1.2951-11. Москва: Роспотребнадзор, 2011. [Prevention of poliomyelitis: Sanitary rules SP 3.1.2951-11. Moscow: Rospotrebnadzor, 2011.]
  6. Bahl S., Kumar R., Menabde N., Thapa A., McFarland J., Swezy V., Tangermann R.H., Jafari H.S., Elsner L., Wassilak S.G.F., Kew O.M., Cochi S.L. Polio-free certification and lessons learned — South-East Asia. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2014, vol. 63, pp. 941—946.
  7. CDC. Certification of poliomyelitis eradication — the Americas, 1994. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 1994, vol. 43, pp. 720-722.
  8. CDC. Certification of poliomyelitis eradication — the Western Pacific region, October 2000. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2001, vol. 50, pp. 1-3.
  9. CDC. Certification of poliomyelitis eradication — European Region, June 2002. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2002, vol. 51, pp. 572-574.
  10. Diop O.M., Asghar H., Gavrilin E., Moeletsi N.G., Benito G.R., Paladin F., Pattamadilok S., Zhang Y., Goel A., Quddus A. Virologic monitoring of poliovirus type 2 after oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 withdrawal in April 2016 — Worldwide, 2016—2017. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep, 2017, vol. 66, no. 20, pp. 538-542. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6620a4
  11. Ivanova O.E., Yarmolskaya M.S., Eremeeva T.P., Babkina G.M., Baykova O.Y., Akhmadishina L.V., KrasotaA.Y., Kozlovskaya L.I., Lukashev A.N.. Environmental surveillance for poliovirus and other enteroviruses: long-term experience in Moscow, Russian Federation, 2004-2017. Viruses, 2019, vol. 11, no. 5: 424. doi: 10.3390/v11050424
  12. Kilpatrick D.R., Yang C.F., Ching K., Vincent A., Iber J., Campagnoli R., Mandelbaum M., De L., Yang S.J., Nix A., Kew O.M. Rapid group-, serotype-, and vaccine strain-specific identification of poliovirus isolates by real-time reverse transcription-PCR using degenerate primers and probes containing deoxyinosine residues. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2009, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1939-1941. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00702-09
  13. Tebbens R.J., Pallansch M.A., Kew O.M., Caceres V.M., Jafari H, Cochi S.L., Sutter R.W., Aylward R.B., Thompson K.M. Risks of paralytic disease due to wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus after eradication. Risk Analysis, 2006, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1471-150. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00827.x
  14. World Health Assembly. Global Eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Resolution WHA 11.28. Geneva, WHO, 1988. URL: https://www.who.int/ihr/polioresolution4128en.pdf
  15. WHO. Manual for virological investigation of poliomyelitis. WHO/EPI/GEN/97.1. Geneva: WHO, 1997. URL: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1997/WHO_EPI_GEN_97.01.pdf
  16. WHO. Transmission of wild poliovirus type 2 — apparent global interruption. Wkly Epidemiol. Res., 2001, vol. 76, pp. 95-97.
  17. WHO. Guidelines for environmental surveillance of poliovirus circulation. WHO, 2003. URL: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67854/WHO_V-B_03.03_eng.pdf?sequence=1
  18. WHO. Manual for the virological investigation of polio, 4th ed. Geneva: WHO, 2004. URL: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/WHO_IVB_04.10.pdf
  19. WHO Global Action Plan to minimize poliovirus facility-associated risk after type-specific eradication of wild polioviruses and sequential cessation of oral polio vaccine use — GAP III. Geneva: WHO, 2015. URL: http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/up-loads/2016/12/GAPIII_2014.pdf
  20. WHO. Classification and reporting of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV). GPEI guidelines. Aug 2016. URL: http://polioeradi-cation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf
  21. WHO. Standard Operating Procedures for responding to a poliovirus event or outbreak. WHO, 2019. URL: http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/sop-polio-outbreak-response-version-20193101.pdf
  22. Yakovenko M.L., Gmyl A.P., Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Ivanov A.P., Prostova M.A., Baykova O.Y., Isaeva O.V., Lipskaya G.Y., Shakaryan A.K., Kew O.M., Deshpande J.M., Agol V.I. The 2010 outbreak of poliomyelitis in Tajikistan: epidemiology and lessons learnt. Euro Surveill., 2014, vol. 19, no. 7. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.7.20706

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2020 Popova A.Y., Ezhlova E.B., Melnikova A.A., Morozova N.S., Mikhailova Y.M., Ivanova O.E., Kozlovskaya L.I., Eremeeva T.P., Gmyl A.P., Korotkova E.A., Baykova O.Y., Krasota A.Y., Ivanenko А.V., Yarmolskaya M.S., Kovalchuk I.V., Romanenko E.N.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 64788 от 02.02.2016.


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies