Current status of healthcare-associated enteroviral (non-polio) infections

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Abstract

Here we present the data on foreign research publications describing healthcare-associated enteroviral (nonpolio) infections (HAI) sought in the Worldwide Database for Nosocomial Outbreaks (Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitȁtmedizincomplex “Charite”, Germany) as well as PubMed search engine (The United States National Library), covering 1936–2017 timeframe. The publications retrieved contained the data on 28 nosocomial outbreaks caused by Enterovirus A (EV-A71), В (Echoviruses 11, 17, 18, 30, 31, 33, Coxsackie viruses А9, В2, В5) and D (EV-D68). It was discovered that the majority of the nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks occurred in obstetric hospitals and neonatal units so that children were mainly maternally infected. In addition, a case associated with intrauterine infection was described. It was shown that outbreaks might be started by an infected child at the incubation period. Single publications reported nosocomial outbreaks in geriatric hospitals. Generally, nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks were characterized by polymorphic clinical picture caused by any certain pathogen serotype and within a single site of the infection. Few lethal outcomes were recorded. Enterovirus B species dominated among identified etiological agents. Violated hospital hygiene and infection control contributing to spread of infection were among those found in neonatal units: putting used diapers out on baby bed prior disposal, sharing bathtub, toys and household objects as well as poor hand hygiene in medical workers. One of the measures recommended to improve diagnostics of enteroviral (non-polio) infections was virology screening of children with suspected sepsis in case of unidentified etiology. It was established that etiological decoding of nosocomial outbreaks was impossible without applying pathogen-specific diagnostic tools, mainly nested RT-PCR and direct sequencing of followed by subsequent phylogenetic analysis.

About the authors

A. V. Alimov

Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections

Email: virus@eniivi.ru

PhD (Medicine), Director

Yekaterinburg

Россия

E. P. Igonina

Federal Service for Supervision on Consumer Rights and Human Wellbeing

Email: igonina_ep@gsen.ru

PhD (Medicine), Deputy Head of Department for Surveillance on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Administration of Epidemiological Surveillance

Moscow

Россия

I. V. Feldblyum

Perm State Medical University named after academician E.A. Wagner

Email: epidperm@mail.ru

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of Epidemiology Department of Continuing Professional Education Faculty with a Course in Hygiene and Epidemiology

Perm

Россия

V. I. Chalapa

Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections

Email: neekewa@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5823-5257
http://eniivi.ru

Researcher, Research Methodology Department,

Yekaterinburg

Россия

Yu. A. Zakharova

Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections

Author for correspondence.
Email: z.y.alexandrovna@mail.ru

Zakharova Yulia A., PhD, MD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Lead Researcher, Head of the Department for Epidemiology of Viral Infections

620030, Yekaterinburg, Letnyaya str., 23

Россия

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Copyright (c) 2020 Alimov A.V., Igonina E.P., Feldblyum I.V., Chalapa V.I., Zakharova Y.A.

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