Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral markers among apparently healthy residents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Southern Vietnam)

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of serological and molecular biological markers of viral hepatitis B and C among apparently healthy residents of the Southern Vietnam. The study material was represented by 397 blood serum samples collected from apparently healthy residents of the Southern Vietnam. The ELISA examination for presence of HBV and HCV markers involved HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBcore IgG, and anti-HCV qualitative determination. For HBV DNA and HCV RNA detection, nucleic acids were extracted from serum blood, and a test for virus detection was carried out by real-time PCR with hybridization fluorescence detection. Amplification and subsequent sequencing of HBV and HCV were performed using nested PCR with paired overlapping primers jointly flanking the target regions. Analysis of the overall prevalence of serological markers showed that among the apparently healthy individuals anti-HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 12.3% (95% CI: 9.27–15.99%) and 3.27% (95% CI: 1.76–5.53%) of individuals, respectively. The prevalence of HBsAg in men (19.1%) significantly exceeded that of found in women (5.9%), χ2 = 14.688 with p = 0.0001, df = 1, calculated odds ratio OR = 3.751 (95% CI: 1.892–7.439). Among apparently healthy patients, taking into account HBsAg-positive and negative samples, HBV DNA was detected in 26.95% (95% CI: 22.65–31.6%). HBV phylogenetic analysis showed that subtype B4 prevalence comprised 64.49%. Subtypes C1 (14.95%), B2 (9.35%), C2 (6.54%), C3 (0.93%), and C5 (3.74%) were also identified. HCV RNA was detected in 7 samples, which accounted for 1.76% (95% CI: 0.71–3.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HCV isolates belong to genotype 6, subtype 6a (100%).

About the authors

Yu. V. Ostankova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Author for correspondence.
Email: shenna1@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2270-8897

Yuliia V. Ostankova - PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute.

197101, St. Petersburg, Mira str., 14.

Phone: +7 (812) 233-20-92

Russian Federation

A. V. Semenov

Ekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections of SRC VB Vector of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: alexvsemenov@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3223-8219

PhD, MD (Biology), Director of Ekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections of SRC VB Vector of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing.

Ekaterinburg.

Russian Federation

E. B. Zueva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: ezueva75@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0579-110X

PhD (Biology), Biologist, Department of Diagnostics of HIV Infection and AIDS-associated Diseases, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute.

St. Petersburg.

Russian Federation

E. N. Serikova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: elena.donetsk.serikova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0547-3945

Researcher, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology of HIV Infection, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute.

St. Petersburg.

Russian Federation

A. N. Schemelev

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: tvildorm@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3139-3674

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology of HIV Infection, Postgraduate Student, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute.

St. Petersburg.

Russian Federation

D. E. Valutite

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: dianavalutite008@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0931-102X

Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Doctor, Department of Diagnostics of HIV Infection and AIDS-associated Diseases, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute.

St. Petersburg.

Russian Federation

H. K.T. Huinh

Ho Chi Minh Pasteur Institute

Email: hhkthupasteur@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9199-6103

Hoang K.T. Huynh - Researcher, Medical Analysis Laboratory Department, Ho Chi Minh Pasteur Institute.

Ho Chi Minh City.

Viet Nam

S. A. Egorova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: fake@neicon.ru

PhD, MD (Medicine), Deputy Director for Innovation, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute.

St. Petersburg.

Russian Federation

A. A. Totolian

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute

Email: totolian@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4571-8799

Areg A. Totolian - RAS Full Member, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Director of St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute.

St. Petersburg.

Russian Federation

References

  1. Мукомолов С.Л., Левакова И.А. Эпидемиологическая характеристика хронических вирусных гепатитов в Российской Федерации в 1999–2009 гг. // Инфекция и иммунитет. 2011. Т. 1, № 3. C. 255–262. doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2011-3-255-262
  2. Останкова Ю.В., Найденова Е.В., Серикова Е.Н., Щемелев А.Н., Валутите Д.Э., Зуева Е.Б., Хуйнх Х.К.Т., Семенов А.В. К вопросу о коинфицировании вирусами Денге и возбудителями гемоконтактных инфекций в Социалистической Республике Вьетнам // Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2021. № 3. С. 6–12. doi: 10.21055/0370-1069-2021-3-6-12
  3. Останкова Ю.В., Семенов А.В., Тотолян Арег А. Выявление вируса гепатита В в плазме крови при низкой вирусной нагрузке // Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2019. Т. 64, № 10. С. 635–640. doi: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-10-635-640
  4. Серикова Е.Н., Семенов А.В., Останкова Ю.В., Тотолян Арег А. Метод выявления вируса гепатита В в плазме крови при низкой вирусной нагрузке с использованием ПЦР в режиме реального времени // Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2021. Т. 66, № 1. С. 59–64. doi: 10.18821/0869-2084-2021-66-1-59-64
  5. Andernach I.E., Jutavijittum P., Samountry B., Yousukh A., Thammavong T., Hübschen J.M., Muller C.P. A high variability of mixed infections and recent recombinations of hepatitis B virus in Laos. PLoS One, 2012, vol. 7, no. 2: e30245. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030245
  6. Bissinger A.L., Fehrle C., Werner C.R., Lauer U.M., Malek N.P., Berg C.P. Epidemiology and genotyping of patients with chronic hepatitis B: genotype shifting observed in patients from Central Europe. Pol. J. Microbiol., 2015, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 15–21.
  7. Cavalcante L.N., Lyra A.C. Predictive factors associated with hepatitis C antiviral therapy response. World J. Hepatol., 2015, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1617–1631. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i12.1617
  8. Chamni N., Louisirirotchanakul S., Oota S., Sakuldamrongpanish T., Saldanha J., Chongkolwatana V., Phikulsod S. Genetic characterization and genotyping of hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates from donors with an occult HBV infection. Vox Sang, 2014, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 324–32. doi: 10.1111/vox.12178
  9. Do S.H., Yamada H., Fujimoto M., Ohisa M., Matsuo J., Akita T., Katayama K., Van Nguyen N., Miyakawa Y., Tanaka J. High prevalences of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults living in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. Hepatol. Res., 2015, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 259–268. doi: 10.1111/hepr.12350
  10. Dunford L., Carr M.J., Dean J., Nguyen L.T., Ta Thi T.H., Nguyen B.T., Connell J., Coughlan S., Nguyen H.T., Hall W.W., Thi L.A. A multicentre molecular analysis of hepatitis B and blood-borne virus coinfections in Viet Nam. PLoS One, 2012, vol. 7, no. 6: e39027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039027
  11. Gish R.G., Bui T.D., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.T., Tran H.V., Trinh H.N.; International Group for Liver Health in Viet Nam. Liver disease in Viet Nam: screening, surveillance, management and education: a 5-year plan and call to action. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2012, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 238–247. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06974.x
  12. Guo J.T., Guo H. Metabolism and function of hepatitis B virus cccDNA: Implications for the development of cccDNA-targeting antiviral therapeutics. Antiviral Res., 2015, vol. 122, pp. 91–100. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.08.005
  13. Kishk R., Atta H.A., Ragheb M., Kamel M., Metwally L., Nemr N. Genotype characterization of occult hepatitis B virus strains among Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients. East Mediterr. Health J., 2014, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 130–138.
  14. Ko K., Takahashi K., Nagashima S., Yamamoto C., Ork V., Sugiyama A., Akita T., Ohisa M., Chuon C., Hossain M.S., Mao B., Tanaka J. Existence of hepatitis B virus surface protein mutations and other variants: demand for hepatitis B infection control in Cambodia. BMC Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 20, no. 1: 305. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05025-3
  15. Korean Association for the Study of the Liver. KASL clinical practice guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B. Clin. Mol. Hepatol., 2016, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 18–75. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2016.22.1.18
  16. Korean Association for the Study of the Liver. KASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatitis C. Clin Mol Hepatol., 2016, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 76–139. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2016.22.1.76
  17. Kumar S., Stecher G., Tamura K. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2016, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1870–1874. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw054
  18. Le Ngoc C., Tran Thi Thanh T., Tran Thi Lan P., Nguyen Mai T., Nguyen Hoa T., Nghiem My N., Le Van T., Le Manh H., Le Thanh P., Nguyen Van Vinh C., Thwaites G., Cooke G., Heilek G.M., Shikuma C., Le T., Baker S., Rahman M.; VIZIONS Consortium. Differential prevalence and geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in acute and chronic hepatitis C patients in Vietnam. PLoS One, 2019, vol. 14, no. 3: e0212734. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212734
  19. Li C., Yuan M., Lu L., Lu T., Xia W., Pham V.H., Vo A.X.D., Nguyen M.H., Abe K. The genetic diversity and evolutionary history of hepatitis C virus in Vietnam. Virology, 2014, vol. 468–470, pp. 197–206. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.026
  20. Nguyen V.T., Law M.G., Dore G.J. An enormous hepatitis B virus-related liver disease burden projected in Vietnam by 2025. Liver Int., 2008, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 525–531. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01646.x
  21. Nguyen V.T., McLaws M.L., Dore G.J. Highly endemic hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2007, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 2093–2100. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05010.x
  22. Norder H., Couroucé A.-M., Coursaget P., Echevarria J.M., Lee S.-D., Mushahwar I.K., Robertson B.H., Locarnini S., Magnius L.O. Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus strains derived worldwide: genotypes, subgenotypes, and HBsAg subtypes. Intervirology, 2004, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 289–309. doi: 10.1159/000080872
  23. Pham D.A., Leuangwutiwong P., Jittmittraphap A., Luplertlop N., Bach H.K., Akkarathamrongsin S., Theamboonlers A., Poovorawan Y. High prevalence of Hepatitis C virus genotype 6 in Vietnam. Asian Pac J. Allergy Immunol., 2009, vol. 27, no. 2–3, pp. 153–160.
  24. Pham V.H., Nguyen H.D., Ho P.T., Banh D.V., Pham H.L., Pham P.H., Lu L., Abe K. Very high prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotype 6 variants in southern Vietnam: large-scale survey based on sequence determination. Jpn J. Infect Dis., 2011, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 537–539.
  25. Pourkarim M.R., Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S., Kurbanov F., Van Ranst M., Tacke F. Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes: revised classification hurdles and updated resolutions. World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, vol. 20, no. 23, pp. 7152–7168. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7152
  26. Raimondo G., Locarnini S., Pollicino T., Levrero M., Zoulim F., Lok A.S.; Taormina Workshop on Occult HBV Infection Faculty Members. Update of the statements on biology and clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection. J. Hepatol., 2019, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 397–408. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.03.034
  27. Schweitzer A., Horn J., Mikolajczyk R.T., Krause G., Ott J.J. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet, 2017, vol. 386, no. 10003, pp. 1546–1555. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61412-X
  28. Smith D.B., Bukh J., Kuiken C., Muerhoff A.S., Rice C.M., Stapleton J.T., Simmonds P. Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource. Hepatology, 2014, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 318–327. doi: 10.1002/hep.26744
  29. Stasi C., Silvestri C., Voller F. Emerging trends in epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection. J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol., 2017, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 272–276. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2017.00010
  30. Tanwar S., Dusheiko G. Is there any value to hepatitis B virus genotype analysis? Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep., 2012, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 37–46. doi: 10.1007/s11894-011-0233-5
  31. Te H.S., Jensen D.M. Epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses: a global overview. Clin Liver Dis., 2010, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–21. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2009.11.009
  32. Trang N.H., That B.T.T., Thanh T.T.T., Chau L.N., Thanh T.T., Ngoc N.M., Hung N.M., Chau N.V.V., Rahman M. A17 Molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolated from chronic hepatitis B patients in South Vietnam. Virus Evol., 2017, vol. 3, no. 1: vew036.016. doi: 10.1093/ve/vew036.016
  33. Truong B.X., Seo Y., Yano Y., Ho P.T., Phuong T.M., Long D.V., Son N.T., Long N.C., Kato H., Hayashi Y., Trach N.K., Kasuga M. Genotype and variations in core promoter and pre-core regions are related to progression of disease in HBV-infected patients from Northern Vietnam. Int J. Mol. Med., 2007, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 293–299. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.19.2.293
  34. WHO. Prevention and control of viral hepatitis infection: frame work for global action 2012. Geneva: WHO, 2012. 24 p.
  35. WHO. Sixty-ninth world health assembly provisional agenda item 15.1. Draft global health sector strategies. Viral hepatitis, 2016– 2021. Geneva: WHO, 2016. 44 p.
  36. Yano Y., Azuma T., Hayashi Y. Variations and mutations in the hepatitis B virus genome and their associations with clinical characteristics. World J. Hepatol., 2015, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 583–592. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.583
  37. Yim H.J., Lok A.S. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: what we knew in 1981 and what we know in 2005. Hepatology, 2006, vol. 43, no. S1, pp. S173–S181. doi: 10.1002/hep.20956

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2021 Ostankova Y.V., Semenov A.V., Zueva E.B., Serikova E.N., Schemelev A.N., Valutite D.E., Huinh H.K., Egorova S.A., Totolian A.A.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 64788 от 02.02.2016.


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies