EARLY PHASES OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION: IMMUNE RESPONSE AND HOST GENETIC CONTROL



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Abstract

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), primarily pulmonary TB, continues to pose a serious threat to public health, despite intensive studies investigating related pathogenesis, as well as development and testing of novel anti-TB drugs and vaccines. One of the reasons for such a slow progress in establishing effective TB spreading control as well as improving TB prophylaxis and treatment is recognized to be due to substantial shortage of our understanding mechanisms on immune response to and genetic control of the infection, as well as key defects interfering with ability of the host to combat progressive disease. Primarily, it is accounted for by the gaps in our knowledge on early phases of infection, because clinicians virtually never experience them in real-world practice, whilst the majority of existing animal models fail to adequately mimic the events occurring in human TB-infected lung. In this review, we briefly outline some unresolved issues related to TB immunity and genetics, specifically focusing at the first month of infection. Herein, we describe interactions between mycobacteria and diverse phagocyte types in the lung tissue as well as the consequences of mycobacterial phagocytosis by alveolar and interstitial macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Next, the issues concerning tuberculous granuloma classification and relevant functional diversity as well as difference in immunologist and pathologist viewpoint on nature of primary tuberculous lesion are discussed. Finally, the sequence of innate and adaptive immune reactions against mycobacteria, as well as T-cell – neutrophil interplay during TB course gains special attention. Based on personal studies assessing immune response dynamics and expression of immune activation/exhaustion markers on CD4+ T-cells in MHC-II allele-specific TB-infected mice we discuss key phenotypes between genetically susceptible and relatively resistant animals.  

About the authors

Tatiana Kondratieva

Central Research TB Institute, Moscow, Russia

Email: tanya.kondratieva.47@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8534-2542
https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1135

Senior stuff scientist

Россия

Elena Kondratieva

Central Research TB Institute, Moscow, Russia

Email: alyonakondratyeva74@gmail.com

PhD, Senior Scientist

Россия

Alexander Apt

Central Research TB Institute, Moscow, Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: alexapt0151@gmail.com

PhD, Professor and Head, Laboratory for Immunogenetics

Россия

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