THE USE OF PROBIOTICS AS CURRENT ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR SARS COV-2 INFECTION IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE



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Abstract

Introduction.

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that causes COVID-19 which is currently a pandemic situation. The symptoms of COVID-19 can vary from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Some patients may also have gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Recently, it is known that some COVID-19 patients also showed microbial dysbiosis with decreased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. With the increasing number of reported cases and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients, we are trying to summarize the possibility of using probiotics as the current adjuvant therapy for gastrointestinal disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: We did a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and screened bibliographies of other articles. The search yielded 2836 articles and 55 of them met eligibility criteria for this systematic review.

Results and Discussion: Probiotics can affect the gastrointestinal through some mechanism including: 1) competitive exclusion of pathogens and production of antimicrobial substances 2) enzymatic activities and production of volatile fatty acid 3) cell adhesion and mucin production 4) enhancement of epithelial barrier 5) modulation of the immune system. In recent data, probiotics are used in some COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal disease. It is also considered to help overcome cytokine storms by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and enhance the patient’s immunity by modulating the immune system.

Conclusion: Probiotics can be used as the current adjuvant therapy to eliminate gastrointestinal disease in SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevent further complications of COVID-19. However, further clinical research still needed to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in COVID-19 patients.

About the authors

Denny Budiyono

Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.

Email: denny.budiyono@yahoo.co.id

General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine

Intan Ardyla Mahardika

Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.

Email: intanardyla1608@gmail.com

General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine 

Nurhasan A. P.

Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta

Author for correspondence.
Email: dr.nurhasan21@staff.uns.ac.id

dr., Sp.PD., M.Kes; Internist, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine 

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