TISSUE-RESIDENT MEMORY CD8+ T CELLS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO INFECTION AND VACCINATION



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Abstract

Abstract

A variety of body tissues contain tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells – long-lived multifunctional effector cells formed during the immune response to infection, which populate previously infected tissue long term. The localization of these cells is determined due to expression of a set of adhesive molecules that hold the cell in a specific tissue microenvironment, as well as the lack of molecules involved in exiting into the blood and lymphatic vessels. The program for establishing such cell phenotype can apparently be launched at various stages of T cell maturation during the immune response. Resident memory CD8+ T cells protect tissues from viruses and other intracellular parasites, kill transformed cells, and in some cases participate in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The accumulation of resident memory T cells can be induced by vaccination, and targeting these cells by vaccines, along with triggering a protective humoral response, appears desirable for the prevention of many intracellular infections. At the site of pathogen entry, resident memory CD8+ T cells can provide tissue protection quicker than circulating T cells, which is essential for preventing rapidly evolving viral infections. Localization of memory CD8+ T cells in tissues allows the pool of these cells to be increased without obvious restrictions. Accordingly, it is possible to carry out a large number of different vaccinations to stimulate these cells without losing the vaccines effectiveness. Finally, not all pathogens antigenic epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells undergo rapid and systematic changes such as the surface B-cell epitopes of the same pathogens. Additional recruitment of resident memory CD8+ T cells in response to a vaccine may ensure greater coverage of pathogen variants and contribute to developing heterosubtypic immunity. The review presents data on resident memory CD8+ T cells in various tissues, their participation in the immune response to infections and vaccinations, as well as molecules that control their localization.

About the authors

Vladimir Yu. Talayev

Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service

Email: talaev@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1993-0622
SPIN-code: 5958-4703
Scopus Author ID: 8547169700

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

Россия, 603950, BOX 145, Nizhny Novgorod, st. M. Yamskaya, 71

Olga N. Babaykina

Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service

Email: olga_babaykina@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4527-6134
SPIN-code: 9438-9974
Scopus Author ID: 8547169900

PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

Россия, Nizhny Novgorod

Maria V. Svetlova

Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service

Email: marya.talaeva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4097-6780
SPIN-code: 8340-7583
Scopus Author ID: 36471139400

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

Россия, Nizhny Novgorod

Irina Ye. Zaichenko

Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service

Email: imm.irina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5063-3111
SPIN-code: 3522-4289
Scopus Author ID: 8547169800

PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

Россия, Nizhny Novgorod

Elena V. Kurkova

Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service

Author for correspondence.
Email: el2v@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1801-9693
SPIN-code: 6615-7674
Scopus Author ID: 56841316700

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

Россия, Nizhny Novgorod

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