NON-TOXIGENIC VIBRIO CHOLERAE O1 STRAINS CAUSED GASTROENTEROCOLITIS IN THE ZAPORIZHIA AND KHERSON REGIONS: CASE REPORTS AND PATHOGEN MOLECULAR GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS



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Abstract

In 2023-2024, two cases of gastroenterocolitis caused by non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 were documented in Zaporizhzhya and Kherson regions. Previously, diseases of this etiology had not been detected in Russia over the last 18 years, although CTX- strains were isolated from water bodies. Aim of the study: molecular genetic characterization of clinical V.cholerae O1 strains isolated in Russia and comparative bioinformatics analysis of their whole genome sequences (WGSs). Materials and methods. The strains were identified in accordance with MUK 4.2.3745-22, sequencing was performed on the MiSeq Illumina platform, bioinformatics analysis – using BioEdit, Vector NTI, CARD and author’s software. Results. A patient from Zaporizhzhya region fell ill after consumption of market foods, and from the Kherson region – after bathing in the sea. Both were diagnosed with acute gastroenterocolitis, in the second case rotavirus was detected along with vibrio. The isolated cultures with identical PCR genotypes were identified as non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1. The first pathogen belonged to Ogawa serotype, the second to Inaba. The WGSs of both strains lacked prophages CTX, preCTX, islands VPI and VSP-II, genes of heat-stable and cholix toxins, proteins OmpT and OmpU, but shared RTX and msh clusters, genes of hemolysin, metallo- and serine proteases; cytotonic factor Cef, represented in two pathogens by different alleles. Significant differences included the presence in the 2024 pathogen of VSP-I island, T3SS cluster integrated into VPI-3, ompW and β-lactamase varG genes which were absent in the 2023 one. The latter contained an incomplete VPI-2 and significantly altered genes rtxA, as well as genes encoding proteases VesC and VchC . On the dendrogram, the isolates formed 2 distant clusters, which also included environmental waterborne strains isolated in other Russian territories in different years; in each cluster all genes had the same repertoires of genetic determinants and gene alleles. These data evidence an opportunity for their long-term preservation in water reservoirs and the absence of importations from abroad. Conclusion. Two new clonal complexes of CTX- V. cholerae O1 have been identified in the territory of Russian Federation. Non-toxigenic strains usually do not cause large-scale epidemiological complications, and the diseases caused by representatives of each complex could be associated with compromised immunity of patients.

About the authors

Elena V. Monakhova

Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute

Email: monakhova_ev@antiplague.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9216-7777
SPIN-code: 3091-5680
Scopus Author ID: 6603368032

PhD, MD (Biology), Head Researcher, Department of Microbiology of Cholera and Other Acute Intestinal Infections, Rostov-on-Don, Research Anti-Plague Institute

Россия, Rostov-on-Don 344002, ul. M.Gorkogo 117/40

Vladimir D. Kruglikov

Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute

Author for correspondence.
Email: kruglikov_vd@antiplague.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6540-2778
SPIN-code: 9767-2936
Scopus Author ID: 6701816474

PhD, MD (Medicine), Head of the Department of Microbiology of Cholera and Other Acute Intestinal Infections

Россия, Rostov-on-Don 344002, ul. M.Gorkogo 117/40

Aleksey Vodop'yanov S. Vodop'yanov

Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute

Email: vodopyanov_as@antiplague.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9056-3231
SPIN-code: 7319-3037
ResearcherId: 7319-3037

PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Natural Focal and Zoonotic Infections

Россия, Rostov-on-Don 344002, ul. M.Gorkogo 117/40

Natalia E. Gaevskaya

Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute

Email: gaevskaya_ne@antiplague.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0762-3628

PhD (Medicine), Acting Director of Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute,

Россия, Rostov-on-Don 344002, ul. M.Gorkogo 117/40

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