Clinical and laboratory characteristics of tick-borne rickettsiosis related to Rickettsia sibirica and Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae

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Abstract

The Siberian tick-borne typhus (STT) is the most common tick-borne rickettsiosis (TBR) in Russia, registered in 17 administrative territories of the Southern Siberia and the Far East. The aim of this study was to describe clinical picture, pathological data and results of laboratory diagnostics during fatal mixed infection caused by two Rickettsia species most common in Russia — pathogenic Rickettsia sibirica and poorly examined Candidatus R. tarasevichiae, including identification of its etiological agents. A four-year-old girl in Krasnoyarsk Krai in a hyperendemic focus of the Siberian tick-borne typhus after tick sucking revealed typical TBR symptoms (scab at the site of tick suction, fever, spotted rash, myalgia) and meningeal syndrome, which is not typical for the Siberian tick-borne typhus. The child died on the seventh day of illness. Autopsy data (hepatosplenomegaly; cerebral edema, which was the immediate cause of death) and the results of histological examination (productive vasculitis of the brain, spinal cord and skin, polymorphic cell perivascular infiltrates in the liver and lungs, serous meningitis, myeloid hyperplasia of the spleen and lymph nodes, interstitial lymphoid infiltration in the myocardium) confirmed the clinical diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsiosis. The patient’s blood and brain samples were tested for a wide range of tick-borne pathogens and enteric viruses that cause brain damage using PCR followed by sequencing of the positive samples. The DNA of Rickettsia sibirica and Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae was found in both blood and brain samples. R. sibirica was identified by the nucleotide sequences of gene fragments gltA, ompA and ompB, and Candidatus R. tarasevichiae — by the gltA and ompB genes using nested PCR and sequencing. All amplified fragments were sequenced in both directions; the obtained sequences were deposited in the GenBank database under the inventory numbers MK048467–MK048475. We have not identified other tick-borne pathogens or intestinal viruses in the patient samples able to result in meningeal syndrome. The area where the child was sucked by the tick belongs to the regions with a high incidence of STT. Several species of mites coexist in this area; of these, Haemaphisalis concinna, the carrier of R. sibirica, dominates the populations of Ixodes mites, while Ixodes persulcatus, the main reservoir of Candidatus R. tarasevichiae, is less common. As a result of the conducted studies, for the first time in the Russian Federation, a verified case of a lethal infection associated with two species of Rickettsia — Rickettsia sibirica and Candidatus R. tarasevichiae — was identified and described.

About the authors

N. V. Rudakov

Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections; Omsk State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: rickettsia@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9566-9214

Nikolay V. Rudakov - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Director of Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections; Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology and Immunology, Omsk State Medical University.

644080, Omsk, Mira pr., 7.

Phone: +7 (381) 265-16-33

Russian Federation

I. E. Samoylenko

Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections

Email: samoilenko.irinasamoylenko@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2819-9280

PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Natural Focal Infections, Department of Natural Focal Bacterial Zoonoses, Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections.

Omsk.

Russian Federation

S. V. Shtrek

Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections; Omsk State Medical University

Email: studi1990@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4509-1212

PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Zoonotic Infections, Department of Natural Focal Bacterial Zoonoses, Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections; Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology and Virology and Immunology, Omsk State Medical University.

Omsk.

Russian Federation

S. A. Rudakova

Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections

Email: svetruda@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6262-129X

PhD, MD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics with a Group of Tick-borne Borreliosis, Department of Natural Focal Bacterial Zoonoses, Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections.

Omsk.

Russian Federation

L. V. Kumpan

Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections; Omsk State Medical University

Email: ludmilavirus@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1189-8309

PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Virology and Immunology, Omsk State Medical University.

Omsk.

Russian Federation

Ya. P. Igolkina

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS

Email: igolkina@inbox.ru

PhD (Biology), Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS.

Novosibirsk.

Russian Federation

V. A. Rar

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS

Email: rarv@niboch.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5930-5306

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS.

Novosibirsk.

Russian Federation

E. V. Zhirakovskaya

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS

Email: ezhr@niboch.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6787-8393

PhD (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS.

Novosibirsk.

Russian Federation

S. E. Tkachev

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS

Email: tkachev@niboch.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1104-2690

PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS.

Novosibirsk.

Russian Federation

N. V. Tikunova

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS

Email: tikunova@niboch.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1687-8278

PhD, MD (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS.

Novosibirsk.

Russian Federation

T. V. Kostrykina

Krasnoyarsk Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: oen@24.rospotrebnadzor.ru

Epidemiologist, Deputy Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department, Krasnoyarsk Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing.

Krasnoyarsk.

Russian Federation

I. A. Blokhina

Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Email: oiooi_fguz@24.rospotrebnadzor.ru

Epidemiologist of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department, Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Krasnoyarsk.

Russian Federation

P. A. Lents

Kuraginsky Central District Hospital

Email: pezan@mail.ru

Pathologist, Kuraginsky Central District Hospital.

Kuragino, Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2021 Rudakov N.V., Samoylenko I.E., Shtrek S.V., Rudakova S.A., Kumpan L.V., Igolkina Y.P., Rar V.A., Zhirakovskaya E.V., Tkachev S.E., Tikunova N.V., Kostrykina T.V., Blokhina I.A., Lents P.A.

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