АНТИМИКРОБНЫЕ ПЕПТИДЫ — ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЗАМЕНА ТРАДИЦИОННЫМ АНТИБИОТИКАМ
- Авторы: Мусин Х.Г.1
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Учреждения:
- ФГБОУ ВО Башкирский государственный университет.
- Выпуск: Том 8, № 3 (2018)
- Страницы: 295-308
- Раздел: ОБЗОРЫ
- Дата подачи: 01.11.2018
- Дата принятия к публикации: 01.11.2018
- Дата публикации: 01.11.2018
- URL: https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/779
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2018-3-295-308
- ID: 779
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Аннотация
Антимикробные пептиды (АМП) представляют собой гетерогенную группу молекул, участвующих во врожденном и приобретенном иммунном ответе различных организмов, начиная с прокариот и заканчивая млекопитающими, включая человека. Они состоят из 12–50 аминокислотных остатков, обладают разными физико-химическими и биологическими свойствами. Наиболее общим признаком является их способность разрушать клеточную мембрану прокариот, вызывая тем самым гибель клеток. АМП встраиваются в целевые бактериальные клетки и, изменяя свою конформацию, образуют структуры в некоторых случаях напоминающие каналы. Некоторые другие молекулы АМП могут прикрепляться к поверхности бактериальной клетки и образовывать участки повышенной концентрации, при достижении критического числа которых они действуют подобно моющим средствам. Кроме того, будучи заряженными положительно, молекулы таких пептидов, проникая сквозь мембраны паразитарных и бактериальных клеток связываются с полианионными молекулами РНК и ДНК. В число преимуществ АМП входит их высокая метаболическая активность, низкая вероятность возникновения привыкания и побочных эффектов. Кроме того, бактериальным патогенам, ранее не имевшим устойчивости к каким-либо АМП, тяжело выработать стратегию борьбы с ними. В связи с чем, АМП являются наиболее перспективными молекулами-заменителями традиционных антибиотиков. В статье обсуждаются подходы и стратегии терапевтического использования, выработанные за последние годы изучения антимикробных пептидов; описываются наиболее часто встречающиеся механизмы взаимодействия антимикробных пептидов и бактериальной мембраны, физико-химические свойства молекул пептидов; обобщаются результаты исследований по выявлению резистентности некоторых штаммов бактерий к антимикробным пептидам и антибиотикам в целом.
Об авторах
Х. Г. Мусин
ФГБОУ ВО Башкирский государственный университет.
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: lu2666@yandex.ru
аспирант кафедры биохимии и биотехнологии биологического факультета.
450076, Россия, г. Уфа, ул. Заки Валиди, 32.
Тел.: 8 961 359-73-89 (моб.).
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