МЕХАНИЗМЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ HELICOBACTER PYLORI C ЭПИТЕЛИЕМ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ЖЕЛУДКА. I. ФАКТОРЫ ПАТОГЕННОСТИ, СПОСОБСТВУЮЩИЕ УСПЕШНОЙ КОЛОНИЗАЦИИ
- Авторы: Поздеев О.К.1, Поздеева А.О.1, Валеева Ю.В.2, Гуляев П.Е.3
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Учреждения:
- Казанская государственная медицинская академия — филиал ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования МЗ РФ.
- ФГАОУ ВО Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет.
- ФГБОУ ВО Казанский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РТ.
- Выпуск: Том 8, № 3 (2018)
- Страницы: 273-283
- Раздел: ОБЗОРЫ
- Дата подачи: 01.11.2018
- Дата принятия к публикации: 01.11.2018
- Дата публикации: 01.11.2018
- URL: https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/777
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2018-3-273-283
- ID: 777
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Аннотация
Helicobacter pylori — грамотрицательная, извитая, подвижная бактерия, способная колонизировать слизистую оболочку желудка (СОЖ) человека и выживать в этих крайне неблагоприятных условиях у более чем половины населения нашей планеты. Показано, что микроорганизм может обитать на СОЖ в течение всей жизни хозяина, но при этом вызывает клинически выраженные заболевания лишь у незначительной группы инфицированных лиц. К причинам, способствующим развитию заболеваний, как правило, относят: сопутствующие инфекции желудочно-кишечного тракта, неправильную стерилизацию медицинских инструментов (как правило эндоскопов), несоблюдение правил личной гигиены, длительный контакт с инфицированными или носителями, в том числе с членами семьи, и ряд других факторов. Хорошо известно, что персистирование H. pylori имеет этиологическое значение в развитии широкого спектра болезней желудочно-кишечного тракта, включая хронический гастрит, язвенную болезнь желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки, аденокарциному желудка и MALT-лимфомы. Глобальное распространение носительства H. pylori позволяет предположить наличие у бактерии «умных» стратегий, способствующих ее адаптации к агрессивной среде желудка и пожизненному персистированию в организме человека. Даже спустя 34 года после открытия микроорганизма остается множество вопросов, не имеющих своего ответа, в том числе о роли факторов патогенности, способствующих выживанию микроорганизма в суровых условиях микробиома СОЖ. Изучение и понимание механизмов, способствующих колонизации и персистированию H. pylori, позволит оптимизировать прогноз повышенного риска тяжелых заболеваний у лиц, колонизированных этим микроорганизмом. Сложившийся в ходе эволюции долгосрочный баланс между человеком и H. pylori определяет микробное постоянство в микробиоме желудка, но в ряде случаев это совместное сосуществование приводит к риску развития вышеперечисленных тяжелых патологий. В данном обзоре предпринято обсуждение характера взаимоотношений H. pylori с эпителием, участие факторов патогенности бактерии (уреазы, ЛПС, комплекса поверхностных белков, токсинов и протеаз, способствующих инвазии) в колонизации и длительном персистировании на СОЖ. Приведенная информация о механизмах, связанных с колонизацией эпителия желудка H. pylori позволяет создать предпосылки для более эффективной терапии заболеваний гастродуоденальной зоны. Cведения, представленные в данном обзоре, важны для объяснения стратегий, используемых H. pylori для выживания в крайне неблагоприятных условиях микробиома желудка.
Об авторах
О. К. Поздеев
Казанская государственная медицинская академия — филиал ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования МЗ РФ.
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: pozdeevoskar@rambler.ru
д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой микробиологии.
420012, Россия, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 36.
Тел.: 8 919 693-02-04 (моб.).
РоссияА. О. Поздеева
Казанская государственная медицинская академия — филиал ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования МЗ РФ.
Email: fake@neicon.ru
ассистент кафедры терапии и семейной медицины.
Казань. РоссияЮ. В. Валеева
ФГАОУ ВО Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет.
Email: fake@neicon.ru
к.м.н., доцент кафедры неотложной медицинской помощи и симуляционной медицины.
Казань. РоссияП. Е. Гуляев
ФГБОУ ВО Казанский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РТ.
Email: fake@neicon.ru
ассистент кафедры микробиологии.
Казань.
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