Dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis C

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Abstract

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a public health problem; it establishes a chronic course in most (up to 85%) infected patients and increases the risk for developing liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and severe extrahepatic manifestations. The mechanisms of HCV persistence are largely related to the inefficient antiviral response of the host immune system. The effective clearance of the virus requires early activation of innate immune system together with the induction of a strong multiepitopic adoptive T cell response and long-term antiviral memory. Dendritic cells (DCs), which represent a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells, contribute to the production of type I interferon, activate natural killer cells and induce adoptive immune response thus playing a major role in antiviral defense. In this case, DCs dysfunction in HCV-infection is considered to be the one of the mechanism that allows the virus to escape from the immune surveillance. The present review  includes current data focusing on the role of DCs in the anti-HCV immune response and highlights a number of key issues related to the phenotypic and functional changes of various DC subpopulations in HCV-infection, the mechanisms of DC impairments and the prospects for treatment of chronic hepatitis C based on the use of ex vivo generated DCs.

About the authors

Elena Removna Chernykh

Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology

Author for correspondence.
Email: ct_lab@mail.ru

Chernykh Elena Removna ., RAS Corresponding Member, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy

Contacts: Elena R. Chernykh, 630099, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology. Phone: +7 (383) 236-03-29. Fax: +7 (383) 222-70-28.

Ekaterina Alexandrovna Oleynik

Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology

Email: ct_lab@mail.ru
Oleynik Ekaterina Alexandrovna, Postgraduate Student, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy

Olga Yur’evna Leplina

Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology

Email: ct_lab@mail.ru
Leplina Olga Yur’evna, PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy

Natalya Mihaylovna Starostina

Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology

Email: ct_lab@mail.ru
Starostina Natalya Mihaylovna, Honored Doctor of Russian Federation, PhD (Medicine), Head of the Immunology Department, Clinics of Immunopathology

Alexander Anatolievich Ostanin

Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology

Email: ostanin62@mail.ru
Ostanin Alexander Anatolievich, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Russian Federation

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