СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К СОЗДАНИЮ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНОЙ ВАКЦИНЫ ПРОТИВ ВИРУСА ГРИППА

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Грипп является сезонным инфекционным заболеванием, широко распространенным по всему земному шару. В России на долю гриппа и других ОРВИ приходится до 90% всей инфекционной патологии. Научно обоснованным методом профилактики гриппа является вакцинация. Однако современные классические вакцины против гриппа не способны индуцировать защиту от всего многообразия штаммов вируса, существенно различающихся по своей антигенной структуре, и таким образом требуют периодического обновления своих ключевых компонентов. Кроме того, существует угроза возникновения пандемии, связанной с появле- нием совершенно нового в антигеном отношении варианта вируса гриппа А. Попытки улучшить традиционные подходы к вакцинации были сосредоточены в основном на совершенствовании технологий производства вакцин и повышении их иммуногенности. Следовательно, актуальной задачей является создание вакцин, способных индуцировать иммунный ответ широкого спектра против различных штаммов вируса гриппа человека и штаммов вируса гриппа птиц, также способных вызывать заболевания у людей. Протективный эффект универсальных вакцин должен обеспечиваться индукцией комплексного иммунного ответа, базирующегося на выработке кросс-реактивных антител и Т-клеток. Разработка такой универсальной вакцины сможет снять необходимость в периодическом обновлении штаммового состава существующих вакцин и, соответственно, сможет дать возможность производителю вакцин самому вести производственное планирование вне зависимости от эпидемических сезонов. В настоящее время наиболее широко исследуемыми антигенами в качестве ключевых компонентов противогриппозных вакцин являются белки М2, NP а также гемагглютинин вируса гриппа. В данном обзоре суммированы и приведены некоторые данные отечественных и зарубежных исследований по созданию универсальных противогриппозных вакцин.

Об авторах

И. Б. Есмагамбетов

ФГБУ ФНИЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи Минздрава России, Москва

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: dmitrovboy@mail.ru

к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биотехнологии,

123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18

Россия

С. В. Алексеева

ФГБУ ФНИЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи Минздрава России, Москва

Email: fake@neicon.ru

к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биотехнологии,

123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18

Россия

Х. С. Саядян

Первый Московский Государственный Медицинский Университет им. Сеченова, Москва

Email: fake@neicon.ru
д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры фармацевтической технологии и фармакологии Россия

М. М. Шмаров

ФГБУ ФНИЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи Минздрава России, Москва

Email: fake@neicon.ru

д.б.н., зав. лабораторией молекулярной биотехнологии,

123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18

Россия

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