История изучения и современная классификация коронавирусов (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae)

Обложка
  • Авторы: Щелканов М.Ю.1,2,3, Попова А.Ю.4,5, Дедков В.Г.6, Акимкин В.Г.7, Малеев В.В.7
  • Учреждения:
    1. Международный научно-образовательный центр биологической безопасности Роспотребнадзора в Дальневосточном федеральном университете
    2. Федеральный научный центр биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии ДВО РАН
    3. ФБУЗ Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Приморском крае
    4. Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека
    5. Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования
    6. ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера
    7. Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора
  • Выпуск: Том 10, № 2 (2020)
  • Страницы: 221-246
  • Раздел: ОБЗОРЫ
  • Дата подачи: 14.03.2020
  • Дата принятия к публикации: 18.03.2020
  • Дата публикации: 10.04.2020
  • URL: https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1412
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-HOI-1412
  • ID: 1412


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Аннотация

Возникшая на рубеже 2019–2020 гг. сначала в г. Ухань (китайской провинции Хубэй) и распространившаяся затем во многие страны мира эпидемия COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), этиологически связанная с вирусом тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома 2 типа (SARS-CoV-2 — Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2), породила новую волну интереса к коронавирусам. Первые коронавирусы — представители семейства Coronaviridae из отряда Nidovirales — были открыты еще в первой половине прошлого века. Первый коронавирус человека, HCoV-B814, был изолирован в 1965 г. и к настоящему времени не сохранился в вирусологических коллекциях. За прошедшее время произошло многократное наслоение устаревших названий. К началу XXI в. коронавирусы представляли серьезную ветеринарную проблему, однако считалось, что эпидемические коронавирусы не относятся к числу особо опасных. Научному сообществу пришлось пересматривать эти представления сначала в 2002 г., когда вирус тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома (SARS-CoV — Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) проник в популяцию людей из популяции летучих мышей в Юго-Восточной Азии, а потом в 2012 г., когда были открыты природные очаги вируса Ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (MERS-CoV — Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) на территории Аравийского полуострова. В результате активизации интереса к коронавирусам, в первые два десятилетия XXI в. было открыто большое количество новых представителей Coronaviridae, что потребовало нескольких ревизий таксономической структуры этого семейства. Настоящий обзор посвящен истории изучения коронавирусов и системе их современной классификации, которая сложилась на начало 2020 г. в соответствии с последними рекомендациями Международного Комитета по таксономии вирусов.

Об авторах

М. Ю. Щелканов

Международный научно-образовательный центр биологической безопасности Роспотребнадзора в Дальневосточном федеральном университете; Федеральный научный центр биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии ДВО РАН; ФБУЗ Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Приморском крае

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: adorob@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8610-7623

Щелканов Михаил Юрьевич – д.б.н., доцент, руководитель Международного научно-образовательного Центра биологической безопасности Роспотребнадзора в Дальневосточном федеральном университете; зав. лабораторией вирусологии Федерального научного Центра биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии ДВО РАН; эксперт ФБУЗ Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Приморском крае

690091, г. Владивосток, ул. Уткинская, 36
Тел.: 8 924 529-71-09, 8 903 268-90-98 

Россия

А. Ю. Попова

Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования

Email: depart@gsen.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9817-5092

д.м.н., профессор, руководитель Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; зав. кафедрой организации санитарно-эпидемиологической службы Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образования

Москва

Россия

В. Г. Дедков

ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера

Email: vgdedkov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5500-0169

к.м.н., зам. директора по научной работе

Санкт-Петербург

Россия

В. Г. Акимкин

Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора

Email: vgakimkin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4228-9044

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор

Москва

Россия

В. В. Малеев

Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора

Email: depart@gsen.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8508-4367

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, советник директора

Москва

Россия

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© Щелканов М.Ю., Попова А.Ю., Дедков В.Г., Акимкин В.Г., Малеев В.В., 2020

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