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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">825</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-441-446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOLECULAR BASES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSTICS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ, ДИАГНОСТИКИ, ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ АКТУАЛЬНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. HOMINISSUIS STRAINS ISOLATED IN ITALY BASED ON VNTR LOCI ANALYSIS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ШТАММОВ MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. HOMINISSUIS, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ В ИТАЛИИ, НА ОСНОВЕ АНАЛИЗА ЛОКУСОВ VNTR</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Menichini</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меникини</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Translational Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела трансляционных исследований и новых технологий в медицине и хирургии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Genua</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дженуа</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Translational Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела трансляционных исследований и новых технологий в медицине и хирургии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lari</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лари</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Technician, Department of Translational Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>технический специалист отдела трансляционных исследований и новых технологий в медицине и хирургии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rindi</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ринди</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Department of Translational Research</p><p>Via San Zeno, 35/39, 56127 Phone: +39 050 2213688. Fax: +39 050 2213682 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор отдела трансляционных исследованийи новых технологий в медицине и хирургии</p><p>Виа Сан Зено, 35/39, 56127</p><p>Тел.: +39 050 2213688. Факс: +39 050 2213682</p></bio><email>laura.rindi@med.unipi.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Università di Pisa, Pisa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Пизы, г. Пиза</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>441</fpage><lpage>446</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-12-14"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Menichini M., Genua F., Lari N., Rindi L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Меникини М., Дженуа Ф., Лари Н., Ринди Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Menichini M., Genua F., Lari N., Rindi L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меникини М., Дженуа Ф., Лари Н., Ринди Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/825">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/825</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Abstract.</bold> <italic>Background.</italic> Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is an important pathogen responsible for most of the human-associated nontuberculous mycobacteria infections. Over the past few decades the incidence of MAH infections is increasing in Italy, as in many countries worldwide. The present study is aimed to elucidate the genetic characteristics of MAH strains isolated from human patients using VNTR typing and to show the genetic relatedness among them. <italic>Methods.</italic> The genetic diversity of 108 human isolates of MAH was determined by VNTR analysis targeting 8 loci, coded 32, 292, X3, 25, 3, 7, 10 and 47. <italic>Results.</italic> The VNTR analysis revealed 25 distinct VNTR patterns; of these, 13 patterns were unique, while 12 patterns were shared by 2 or more isolates, thus yielding 12 clusters including a total of 95 isolates. The discriminatory power of our VNTR analysis yielded an HGDI of 0.990, indicating that VNTR typing has an excellent discriminatory power. No association of a particular VNTR pattern with a particular clinical feature, such as the disseminated, pulmonary or extrapulmonary type of infection, was observed. Minimum spanning tree analysis showed that 21 VNTR patterns, occurring either as clustered or unique isolates, differed from the nearest one for one allelic variation. <italic>Conclusions.</italic> The results obtained through the VNTR analysis showed that most MAH strains displayed a close genetic relationship. This high phylogenetic proximity of the VNTR loci over a long time period supports the concept that the MAH genotype is highly homogeneous in our geographical area, suggesting the hypothesis of the presence of possible sources of infection and transmission pathways at the local level.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Резюме.</bold> Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis является наиболее актуальным возбудителем микобактериоза человека. За последние несколько десятилетий в Италии заболеваемость микобактериозом M. avium subsp. hominissuis растет, как и во многих странах мира. Целью исследования была молекулярно-генетическая характеристика и оценка генетического родства штаммов M. avium subsp. hominissuis, выделенных от больных микобактериозом в Италии, с использованием VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats)-типирования. Аллельный полиморфизм 108 штаммов M. avium subsp. hominissuis оценивали методом VNTR-типирования по 8 локусам — 32, 292, X3, 25, 3, 7, 10 и 47. С помощью VNTR-типирования было выявлено 25 вариантов VNTRтипов; из них 13 профилей были уникальными, а 12 профилей представлены кластерами (включающими 2 и более изолятов), в состав которых входило 95 изолятов. Дискриминирующая способность VNTRтипирования (индекс Хантера–Гастона, Hunter Gaston discriminatory index) составила 0.990, что указывает на высокую дискриминирующую способность использованной схемы VNTR. Связи между профилем VNTR и клинической формой микобактериоза (генерализованная, легочная или внелегочная) не обнаружено. Анализ минимального связывающего дерева профилей VNTR показал, что 21 VNTR-тип (как уникальные изоляты, так и кластеры двух и более изолятов) входили в единый клональный комплекс в котором соседние узлы различались по одному локусу. Полученные результаты VNTR-типирования выявили близкое родство изученных штаммов <italic>M. avium </italic>subsp. <italic>hominissuis</italic>. Высокий уровень филогенетического родства по локусам VNTR для штаммов, выделенных в течение длительного периода, подтверждает концепцию о том, что <italic>M. avium </italic>subsp. <italic>hominissuis </italic>очень гомогенен в нашей географической области в Италии, что, в свою очередь, подкрепляет гипотезу о наличии возможных источников инфекции и путей ее передачи на местном уровне.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mycobacterium avium</kwd><kwd>population structure</kwd><kwd>Italy</kwd><kwd>VNTR loci</kwd><kwd>mycobacteriosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Mycobacterium avium</kwd><kwd>структура популяции</kwd><kwd>Италия</kwd><kwd>локусы VNTR</kwd><kwd>микобактериоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the University of Pisa, grant “Fondi di Ateneo, 2016”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">This work was financially supported by the University of Pisa, grant “Fondi di Ateneo, 2016”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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