Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI77910.15789/2220-7619-2018-3-295-308REVIEWSОБЗОРЫANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES — A POTENTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR TRADITIONAL ANTIBIOTICSАНТИМИКРОБНЫЕ ПЕПТИДЫ — ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЗАМЕНА ТРАДИЦИОННЫМ АНТИБИОТИКАМMusinKh. G.МусинХ. Г.
Russian Federation

PhD Student, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology.

450076, Russian Federation, Ufa, Zaki Validi str., 32.

Phone: +7 961 359-73-89 (моб.).

аспирант кафедры биохимии и биотехнологии биологического факультета.

450076, Россия, г. Уфа, ул. Заки Валиди, 32.

Тел.: 8 961 359-73-89 (моб.).

lu2666@yandex.ruBashkir State University.ФГБОУ ВО Башкирский государственный университет.04112018832953080111201801112018Copyright ©; 2018, Musin K.G.Copyright ©; 2018, Мусин Х.Г.2018Musin K.G.Мусин Х.Г.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/779

Antimicrobial peptides are a heterogeneous group of molecules involved in the innate and acquired immune response of various organisms, ranging from prokaryotes to mammals, including humans. They consist of 12–50 amino acid residues; have different physico-chemical and biological properties. The most common feature is their ability to destroy the prokaryotic cell membrane, which causes cell death. In the action, the molecules of antimicrobial peptides are embedded in the target bacteriological cells and change their conformation, forming structures in some cases resembling channels. Some other molecules of antimicrobial peptides can cover the surface of a bacteriological cell and form a carpet, when they reach a critical mass they act like detergents. In addition, being positively charged molecules of such peptides, penetrating through the membranes of parasitic and bacteriological cells, bind to polyanionic RNA and DNA molecules. Among the benefits of antimicrobial peptides is their high metabolic activity, low probability of occurrence of addictions and side effects. In addition, bacteriological pathogens that previously did not have resistance to any antimicrobial peptide are difficult to develop a strategy to control them. In this connection, these peptides are the most promising moleculessubstitutes for traditional antibiotics. The article discusses the approaches and strategies of therapeutic use, the studies of antimicrobial peptides identified in recent years; The most frequently encountered mechanisms of interaction of antimicrobial peptides and a bacteriological membrane are described, the physicochemical properties of peptide molecules are described; the results of studies on the detection of resistance of some strains of bacteria to antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics in general are summarized.

Антимикробные пептиды (АМП) представляют собой гетерогенную группу молекул, участвующих во врожденном и приобретенном иммунном ответе различных организмов, начиная с прокариот и заканчивая млекопитающими, включая человека. Они состоят из 12–50 аминокислотных остатков, обладают разными физико-химическими и биологическими свойствами. Наиболее общим признаком является их способность разрушать клеточную мембрану прокариот, вызывая тем самым гибель клеток. АМП встраиваются в целевые бактериальные клетки и, изменяя свою конформацию, образуют структуры в некоторых случаях напоминающие каналы. Некоторые другие молекулы АМП могут прикрепляться к поверхности бактериальной клетки и образовывать участки повышенной концентрации, при достижении критического числа которых они действуют подобно моющим средствам. Кроме того, будучи заряженными положительно, молекулы таких пептидов, проникая сквозь мембраны паразитарных и бактериальных клеток связываются с полианионными молекулами РНК и ДНК. В число преимуществ АМП входит их высокая метаболическая активность, низкая вероятность возникновения привыкания и побочных эффектов. Кроме того, бактериальным патогенам, ранее не имевшим устойчивости к каким-либо АМП, тяжело выработать стратегию борьбы с ними. В связи с чем, АМП являются наиболее перспективными молекулами-заменителями традиционных антибиотиков. В статье обсуждаются подходы и стратегии терапевтического использования, выработанные за последние годы изучения антимикробных пептидов; описываются наиболее часто встречающиеся механизмы взаимодействия антимикробных пептидов и бактериальной мембраны, физико-химические свойства молекул пептидов; обобщаются результаты исследований по выявлению резистентности некоторых штаммов бактерий к антимикробным пептидам и антибиотикам в целом.

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