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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">736</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-2018-2-175-186</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE GROWTH RATE PHENOTYPIC PROPERTY OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS CLINICAL STRAINS: DEPENDENCE ON TUBERCULOSIS LOCALIZATION, TREATMENT, DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКОЕ СВОЙСТВО СКОРОСТИ РОСТА КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ШТАММОВ MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS: ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ ОТ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ, ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА, ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manicheva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маничева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Researcher, St. Petersburg  Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p><p>194064, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Polytehnicheskaya str., 32</p><p>Phone: +7 (812) 297-86-31 (office) Fax: +7 (812) 297-16-26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p><p>194064, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 32</p><p>Тел.: 8 (812) 297-86-31 (служебн.) Факс: 8 (812) 297-16-26</p></bio><email>olgamanicheva@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dogonadze</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Догонадзе</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, St. Petersburg Research  Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, St. Petersburg Research  Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ,  Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevskiy</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневский</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher, St. Petersburg  Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник ФГБУ СПб НИИ  фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manichev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маничев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Psychology), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology, St. Petersburg  Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.псх.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой эргономики и инженерной психологии ФГБУ СПб  НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Санкт-Петербургский НИИ фтизиопульмонологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-09-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Manicheva O.A., Dogonadze M.Z., Melnikova N.N., Vishnevskiy B.I., Manichev S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Маничева О.А., Догонадзе М.З., Мельникова Н.Н., Вишневский Б.И., Маничев С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Manicheva O.A., Dogonadze M.Z., Melnikova N.N., Vishnevskiy B.I., Manichev S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маничева О.А., Догонадзе М.З., Мельникова Н.Н., Вишневский Б.И., Маничев С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/736">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/736</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The phenotypic properties of the M. tuberculosis strains obtained from patients with pulmonary or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis are  determined by a complex set of factors: the genetic characteristics  of the pathogen, its ability to adapt in vivo and in vitro, the influence of the host’s immune system and chemotherapy. The growth rate as  the phenotypic property is the most accessible for the study of the  host-pathogen relationships at the level of host/strain population  interactions. The aim of the study is to assess in vitro of the growth  rate of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from patients with pulmonary  and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: untreated and treated (with  surgical and non-surgical treatment) and also sensitive and resistant isolates in comparison with the reference strain H37Rv. To estimate  the growth rate of 116 clinical isolates we have used the modified  method originally developed by von Groll and co-authors: to get the  bacteria growth curve the fluorescence intensity of growing strains  (with indicator resazurin) has been measured daily for 8 days in 96- well plate. The growth rate is determined as the slope of the growth  curve. The mean values of the growth rate have been calculated in  the following groups of patients: 1 — untreated patients with  pulmonary tuberculosis (PT), respiratory material; 2 — non-surgical  treated PT patients, respiratory material; 3 — surgical treated PT  patients (mainly with chronic and hyperchronic process), respiratory  material; 4 — patients like in 3rd group, surgical material; 5 — bone  and joint tuberculosis (BJT), surgical material. In addition, groups of  sensitive and resistant strains have been examined, but there are no  significant differences in growth rates. It has been obtained that  the growth rate of strains isolated from the PT patients is higher than in BJT patients: it can be explained less favorable  conditions for the pathogen vegetation in the BJT. In the case of a  closed tuberculous lesion where the pathogen transmission to  another host is impossible, then the selection of strains with the  property to survive in the tissues of the osteoarticular system is  impossible too, therefor it should be observed only an adaptation of  the pathogen strain population to the individual host. The growth  rate of isolates from untreated PT patients is higher than that of the  treated ones. Comparison of the growth parameters of only MDR  strains 1–5 groups to eliminate the influence of the  sensitivity/resistance has resulted in the same conclusions. We  suggest that the decrease in the growth rate of strains from the  treated PT patients is in not only result of the treatment, but also is  conditioned by adaptation of the pathogen to its external  environment, which is the internal environment of the  macroorganism. To confirm this assumption, the bacterial load of  1,083 diagnostic specimens grouped in a similar manner has been  estimated, taking into account only MDR/XDR strains. In the group  of treated patients the frequency of high bacterial load (CFU ≥ 100)  reached 52.5–63.8% that shows the conserved fitness of bacteria in  such patients. The mean values of the growth rate of the strain  H37Rv non-adapted to the macroorganism (due to numerous  passages on artificial media) are higher than in all groups of clinical  strains. Thus, heterogeneity of phenotypic properties of M.  tuberculosis clinical strains on the basis of growth rate has been  obtained. The growth rate of M. tuberculosis clinical strains is  depended on the tuberculosis localization (PT, BJT) and on the joint  effect of patient treatment and pathogen adaptation to the host. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Фенотипические свойства штаммов M. tuberculosis, выделенных от больных легочным или внелегочным туберкулезом, определяются комплексом факторов: генетическими  особенностями патогена, его способностью к адаптации in vivo и in vitro, воздействием  иммунной системы хозяина, влиянием химиотерапии. Наиболее доступным для  исследования взаимоотношений хозяин-патоген на уровне «макроорганизм/ штаммовая  популяция» является фенотипическое свойство — скорость роста. Темп репликации, как  правило, исследуют в сопоставлении с лекарственной чувствительностью микобактерий или  с их генотипическими особенностями. Целью работы была оценка in vitro скорости роста  штаммов M. tuberculosis, выделенных из диагностического материала больных туберкулезом  при легочной и внелегочной локализации, нелеченых и леченых (оперированных и  неоперированных), а также чувствительных и устойчивых изолятов в сравнении с  референтным штаммом H37Rv. Для оценки скорости роста 116 клинических изолятов  использовали модификацию метода, предложенного A. von Groll et al.: для построения  кривой роста измеряли интенсивность флуоресценции в 96-луночном планшете (с помощью  индикатора резазурина) ежедневно в течение 8 дней. Скорость роста определяли как  наклон полученной кривой. Вычисляли средние значения в группах: 1 — нелеченые  больные туберкулезом органов дыхания (ТОД), респираторный материал; 2 — леченые неоперированные больные ТОД, респираторный материал; 3 группа — леченые  оперированные больные ТОД (преимущественно с хроническим и гиперхроническием  течением процесса), респираторный материал; 4 — аналогичные пациенты, операционный  материал; 5 — больные костно-суставным туберкулезом (КСТ), операционный материал.  Кроме того, исследовали группы чувствительных и резистентных штаммов, между которыми  значимых различий в скорости роста не обнаружили. Параметры роста штаммов,  выделенных из материала больных ТОД, превышали таковые при КСТ. Это объясняется  менее благоприятными условиями вегетации возбудителя при КСТ. Поскольку при  локализации туберкулезного поражения, отграниченного от внешней среды, невозможна  передача возбудителя к другому хозяину, то невозможна и селекция штаммов по  способности выживать в тканях костно-суставной системы, следовательно, в этом случае  следует говорить об адаптации штаммовой популяции патогена к индивидуальному хозяину. Скорость роста изолятов от нелеченых пациентов с ТОД была выше, чем у леченых.  Сравнение параметров роста только МЛУ штаммов 1–5 групп для устранения влияния  фактора чувствительности/устойчивости в целом выявило ту же картину. Снижение  скорости роста штаммов, выделенных от леченых пациентов с ТОД, мы считаем результатом не только лечения, но и адаптации патогена к его окружающей среде — внутренней среде  макроорганизма. Для подтверждения этого предположения оценили бактериальную  нагрузку 1083 образцов диагностического материала, сгруппированных аналогичным  образом, при этом отбирали только МЛУ/ШЛУ штаммы. В группах леченых больных частота  высокой обсемененности (КОЕ ≥ 100) достигала 52,5–63,8%, что свидетельствует о  сохранении жизнеспособности возбудителя у таких пациентов. Скорость роста не адаптированного (вследствие длительных пассажей на искусственных средах) к  макроорганизму штамма H37Rv по средним значениям была значимо выше, чем во всех  группах клинических штаммов. Таким образом, выявлена гетерогенность фенотипических  свойств клинических штаммов M. tuberculosis по признаку скорости роста. Скорость роста клинических штаммов M. tuberculosis зависит от локализации процесса (ТОД, КСТ) и  совместного воздействия факторов лечения пациентов и адаптации патогена к хозяину.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>clinical strains</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>pulmonary tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>extrapulmonary tuberculosis.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>клинические штаммы</kwd><kwd>скорость роста</kwd><kwd>лекарственная чувствительность</kwd><kwd>туберкулез легких</kwd><kwd>внелегочный туберкулез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Arcos J., Sasindran S.J., Fujiwara N., Turner J., Schlesinger L.S., Torrelles J.B. Human lung hydrolases delineate mycobacterium tuberculosis-macrophage interactions and the capacity to control infection. J. 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