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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">735</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-2018-2-169-174</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS BY THE POPULATION OF REGULATORY DENDRITIC CELLS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ИММУННОГО ОТВЕТА ПРОТИВ MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ПОПУЛЯЦИЕЙ ДЕНДРИТНЫХ КЛЕТОК DCreg</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubakova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубакова</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики ФГБУ ЦНИИ  туберкулеза, Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of  Immunogenetics, Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики ФГБУ ЦНИИ туберкулеза, Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Logunova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логунова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of  Immunogenetics, Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики ФГБУ ЦНИИ  туберкулеза, Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Majorov</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майоров</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of  Immunogenetics, Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики ФГБУ ЦНИИ туберкулеза, Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apt</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апт</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of  Immunogenetics, Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>107564, Russian Federation, Moscow, Yauzskaya alley, 2</p><p>Phone: +7 (812) 785-90-72 (office)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией иммуногенетики ФГБУ ЦНИИ туберкулеза, Москва, Россия</p><p>107564, Россия, Москва, Яузская аллея, 2</p><p>Тел.: 8 (499) 785-90-72 (служебн.)</p></bio><email>alexapt0151@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-09-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Rubakova E.I., Kapina M.A., Logunova N.N., Majorov K.B., Apt A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Рубакова Э.И., Капина М.А., Логунова Н.Н., Майоров К.Б., Апт А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rubakova E.I., Kapina M.A., Logunova N.N., Majorov K.B., Apt A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рубакова Э.И., Капина М.А., Логунова Н.Н., Майоров К.Б., Апт А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/735">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/735</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>On the background of a high level of genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis infection (TB), granulomatous reactions in the lung  tissue fail to effectively isolate infection foci and rather result in  diffuse pathology, confluence of granulomata and  formation of  necrotic zones. Uncontrolled inflammation severely affect breathing  function of the lung. Thus, effective disease control requires a good  balance between protective and pathogenic immune responses.  Immature regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg) and regulatory T  lymphocytes (Treg) represent a pool of important cellular regulators  of inflammation. Earlier we have demonstrated that stromal lung  cells support development of CD11b+CD11clowCD103– DCreg from  their bone marrowderived precursors in in vitro cultures. In addition,  significantly larger population size and more rapid  development of the lung CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells characterize TB- resistant B6 mice compare to their TB-susceptible I/St counterparts.  Here, we report that adoptive transfer of DCreg cells into TB-infected I/St mice is capable to enlarge the population of Treg cells in the  lungs. This, in turn, attenuates lung pathology, decreases  mycobacterial multiplication and diminishes lung infiltration with  neutrophils, i.e., selectively restricts the population of cell largely  responsible for TB pathogenesis. The key difference in lung  pathology between DCreg recipients and control animals was the  lack of tissue-destructive foci and necrotic zones in the former  group. Meanwhile, the groups of mice did not differ in production of  regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) and key inflammatory (IFNγ and IL-6)  cytokines by lung cells. The latter result suggests that contact rather  than secretory mechanisms underlie moderate attenuation of  the TB process in the lungs of mice with an elevated lung Treg level,  given that plethora of such mechanisms were described for Treg  functioning. Although therapeutic effects were relatively weak, our  results indicate that cell therapy approaches are applicable to  regulation of lung tissue inflammation during TB course. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>При высоком уровне генетически обусловленной чувствительности к туберкулезу (ТБ) гранулематозные реакции в ткани легкого не справляются с задачей по изолированию очага инфекции и приводят к диффузным поражениям легочной ткани, слиянию гранулем и  образованию некротических очагов. Неконтролируемое воспаление наносит тяжелый урон  дыхательной функции легкого, поэтому для контроля инфекции необходим баланс между  защитными и патогенетическими реакциями иммунного ответа. Важными клеточными  регуляторами воспаления являются незрелые регуляторные дендритные клетки (DCreg) и  регуляторные Т-лимфоциты (Treg). Ранее мы показали, что клетки стромы легкого в  культуре in vitro поддерживают развитие DCreg с фенотипом CD11b+CD11clowCD103– из  предшественников, выделенных из костного мозга. Было также установлено, что между  чувствительными и резистентными к ТБ мышами имеются заметные различия по размерам и  динамическим характеристикам популяции регуляторных Т-клеток CD4+Foxp3+ (Treg) в  легких: их количество у более резистентных мышей линии В6 достоверно выше, чем у  чувствительных мышей линии I/St. В настоящей работе было установлено, что адоптивный  перенос DCreg зараженным ТБ мышам генетически чувствительной линии I/St способен  индуцировать увеличение популяции Treg в ткани легкого. Увеличение пула Treg приводит к ослаблению туберкулезной легочной патологии, замедлению размножения микобактерий в  органе и снижению инфильтрации ткани легкого нейтрофилами, то есть к избирательному  снижению количества именно тех иммуноцитов, которые считаются основным фактором  патогенеза при ТБ генетически чувствительных животных. Основным отличием в характере  легочной патологии было отсутствие у реципиентов DCreg очагов деструкции легочной  ткани и зон некроза, которые обнаруживались в контрольной группе. При этом мыши всех  групп не отличались по уровню продукции регуляторных (IL-10 и TGF-β) и ключевых  воспалительных (IFNγ и IL-6) цитокинов клетками легкого. Этот результат дает основания  полагать, что умеренное снижение тяжести туберкулезного процесса в группе мышей с  повышенным содержанием Treg в легких может быть связано с подавлением воспаления не  через секреторные, а через контактные механизмы, множество которых широко используют  регуляторные клетки. Хотя терапевтический эффект переноса клеток был умеренным, наши  результаты можно рассматривать как доказательство действенности клеточной терапии для регуляции воспаления легочной ткани при ТБ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DCreg</kwd><kwd>Treg</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>experimental model</kwd><kwd>lung pathology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>DCreg</kwd><kwd>Treg</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>экспериментальная модель</kwd><kwd>патология легких</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Allie N., Grivennikov S.I., Keeton R., Hsu N.J., Bourigault M.L., Court N., Fremond C., Yeremeev V., Shebzukhov Y., Ryffel B., Nedospasov S.A., Quesniaux V.F.J., Jacobs M. Prominent role for T cell-derived tumour necrosis factor for sustained control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci. 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