Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI72610.15789/2220-7619-2019-2-239-252REVIEWSОБЗОРЫDendritic cells in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis CДендритные клетки в патогенезе вирусного гепатита СChernykhElena RemovnaЧерныхЕ. Р

Chernykh Elena Removna ., RAS Corresponding Member, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy

Contacts: Elena R. Chernykh, 630099, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology. Phone: +7 (383) 236-03-29. Fax: +7 (383) 222-70-28.

Черных Елена Рэмовна, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор мендицинских наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией клеточной иммунотерапии 

Адрес для переписки: Черных Елена Рэмовна 630099, Россия, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14, ФГБНУ НИИ фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии. Тел.: 8 (383) 236-03-29. Факс: 8 (383) 222-70-28. 

ct_lab@mail.ruOleynikEkaterina AlexandrovnaОлейникЕ. А.

Oleynik Ekaterina Alexandrovna, Postgraduate Student, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy

Олейник Екатерина Александровна, аспирант лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии

ct_lab@mail.ruLeplinaOlga Yur’evnaЛеплинаО. Ю.

Leplina Olga Yur’evna, PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy

Леплина Ольга Юрьевна, доктор мендицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии

ct_lab@mail.ruStarostinaNatalya MihaylovnaСтаростинаН. М.

Starostina Natalya Mihaylovna, Honored Doctor of Russian Federation, PhD (Medicine), Head of the Immunology Department, Clinics of Immunopathology

Старостина Наталья Михайловна, заслуженный врач РФ, кандидат медицинских наук, зав. отделением иммунологии Клиники иммунопатологии

ct_lab@mail.ruOstaninAlexander AnatolievichОстанинА. А.
Russian Federation

Ostanin Alexander Anatolievich, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy

Останин Александр Анатольевич, доктор мендицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии

ostanin62@mail.ruResearch Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyФГБНУ НИИ фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии12072019922392520409201803032019Copyright ©; 2019, Chernykh E.R., Oleynik E.A., Leplina O.Y., Starostina N.M., Ostanin A.A.Copyright ©; 2019, Черных Е.Р., Олейник Е.А., Леплина О.Ю., Старостина Н.М., Останин А.А.2019Chernykh E.R., Oleynik E.A., Leplina O.Y., Starostina N.M., Ostanin A.A.Черных Е.Р., Олейник Е.А., Леплина О.Ю., Старостина Н.М., Останин А.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/726

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a public health problem; it establishes a chronic course in most (up to 85%) infected patients and increases the risk for developing liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and severe extrahepatic manifestations. The mechanisms of HCV persistence are largely related to the inefficient antiviral response of the host immune system. The effective clearance of the virus requires early activation of innate immune system together with the induction of a strong multiepitopic adoptive T cell response and long-term antiviral memory. Dendritic cells (DCs), which represent a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells, contribute to the production of type I interferon, activate natural killer cells and induce adoptive immune response thus playing a major role in antiviral defense. In this case, DCs dysfunction in HCV-infection is considered to be the one of the mechanism that allows the virus to escape from the immune surveillance. The present review  includes current data focusing on the role of DCs in the anti-HCV immune response and highlights a number of key issues related to the phenotypic and functional changes of various DC subpopulations in HCV-infection, the mechanisms of DC impairments and the prospects for treatment of chronic hepatitis C based on the use of ex vivo generated DCs.

Инфекция, вызванная вирусом гепатита С (HCV), является серьезной проблемой здравоохранения, поскольку в большинстве случаев (до 85%) приобретает хроническое течение и повышает риск развития цирроза печени, гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы и выраженных внепеченочных осложнений. Причины хронизации инфекции во многом связаны с недостаточностью противовирусного иммунного ответа. Эффективная элиминация вируса требует ранней активации врожденного иммунитета, индукции сильного HCV-специфического мультиэпитопного Т-клеточного ответа и формирования продолжительной иммунологической памяти. Дендритные клетки (DC), которые представляют гетерогенную популяцию антигенпрезентирующих клеток, являются продуцентами интерферонов первого типа, способны активировать натуральные киллерные клетки и индуцировать адаптивный иммунный ответ, выполняя, таким образом, важную роль в противовирусной защите. При этом нарушение функций DC при HCV-инфекции рассматривается в качестве одного из механизмов, позволяющих вирусу избежать иммунного надзора. Настоящий обзор включает современные данные, характеризующие роль DC в иммунном ответе при HCV-инфекции и освещает ряд ключевых вопросов, касающихся изменений фенотипа и функций различных субпопуляций DC у пациентов с вирусным гепатитом С, механизмов нарушения функциональной активности DC и перспектив лечения хронического гепатита С на основе использования генерированных ex vivo DC. 

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