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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">590</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-2017-4-327-340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">METHODS OF ESTIMATION AND THE ROLE OF RESPIRATORY BURST IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ И РОЛЬ РЕСПИРАТОРНОГО ВЗРЫВА В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ИНФЕКЦИОННО- ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular-Cell Physiology and Pathology, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, руководитель лаборатории молекулярно-клеточной физиологии и патологии ФГБНУ НИИ медицинских проблем Севера</p></bio><email>igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Senior Researcher, Department of Fundamental Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Associate Professor, Department of Immunology, Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории общей иммунологии ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины, Санкт-Петербург, Россия; старший научный сотрудник кафедры фундаментальной медицины ФГАОУ ВПО Дальневосточный федеральный университет, г. Владивосток, Россия; доцент кафедры иммунологии ФГБОУ ВПО Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ</p></bio><email>igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular-Cell Physiology and Pathology, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярно-клеточной физиологии и патологии ФГБНУ НИИ медицинских проблем Севера</p></bio><email>igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Федеральный исследовательский центр Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, обособленное подразделение «НИИ медицинских проблем Севера», г. Красноярск</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России, г. Красноярск</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>327</fpage><lpage>340</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-01-20"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-01-20"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Savchenko A.A., Kudryavtsev I.V., Borisov A.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Савченко А.А., Кудрявцев И.В., Борисов А.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savchenko A.A., Kudryavtsev I.V., Borisov A.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савченко А.А., Кудрявцев И.В., Борисов А.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/590">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/590</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the modern concepts the respiratory burst directly related to the processes of phagocytosis characterizes the functional activity of phagocytic cells. This review presents modern methods for assessing the respiratory burst state of phagocytes based on cytofluorometric and chemiluminescent analysis. The sequence and mechanisms of the reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in the process of respiratory cell burst are presented in detail. The sequence of synthesis from ROS with low bactericidal activity to ROS with high bactericidal activity is characterized. The review describes in detail the most popular dyes for cytofluorometric analysis to assess the levels of ROS synthesis. Characteristics and examples of the use of such dyes as dihydroethidine, dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are given. The main stages and mechanisms of the chemiluminescence reaction are presented. The features of the use of the main indicators (luminol and lucigenin) of the chemiluminescence reaction are described. A mechanism for estimating the parameters of the chemiluminescence reaction characterizing the features of the state and kinetics of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is given. The separate section of the review is devoted to the role of a respiratory burst in phagocytic cells in various immunopathological states. Data on the pathogenetic significance of changes in the intensity and kinetics of respiratory burst of phagocytes in infectious, inflammatory and oncological diseases were presented. Examples of new methods for diagnosing and predicting the course of the immunopathological states characters are presented on the basis of an assessment of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells. The literature data show that at present, in the diagnosis and evaluation of the nature of the diseases characters the state of a respiratory burst is evaluated in various types of cells of innate immunity: neutrophils, monocytes, etc. It is concluded that the evaluation of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells can be characterized as the fundamental mechanisms of reacting cells of innate immunity to pathogenic and regulatory effects, so to develop new highly sensitive methods for diagnosing and predicting the development and outcome of various immunopathological conditions. The presented methods of flow cytometry and chemiluminescence analysis make it possible to determine both the integral state of the respiratory explosion, and the levels and kinetic parameters of the synthesis of individual ROS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В свете современных представлений респираторный взрыв, напрямую связанный с процессами фагоцитоза, характеризует функциональную активность фагоцитирующих клеток. В данном обзоре представлены современные методы оценки состояния респираторного взрыва фагоцитов, основанные на цитофлюориметрическом и хемилюминесцентном анализе. Подробно представлены последовательность и механизмы реакций синтеза активных форм кислорода (АФК) в процессе респираторного взрыва клеток. Охарактеризована последовательность синтеза от АФК с низкой бактерицидной активностью к АФК с высокой бакте- рицидной активностью. В обзоре подробно описаны наиболее популярные красители для цитофлюориметрического анализа для оценки уровней синтеза АФК. Приводятся характеристики и примеры применения таких красителей, как дигидроэтидин, дихлородигидрофлуоресцеин и дигидрородамин 123. Представлены основные этапы и механизмы хемилюминесцентной реакции. Описаны особенности применения основных индикаторов (люминол и люцигенин) хемилюминесцентной реакции. Приводится механизм оценки показателей хемилюминесцентной реакции, характеризующие особенности состояния и кинетики респираторного взрыва фагоцитирующих клеток. Отдельный раздел обзора посвящен роли респираторного взрыва фагоцитирующих клеток при различных иммунопатологических состояниях. Представлены данные литературы о патогенетическом значении изменения интенсивности и кинетики респираторного взрыва фагоцитов при инфекционных, воспалительных и онкологических заболеваниях. Приводятся примеры новых методов диагностики и прогноза характера течения иммунопатологических состояний на основе оценки респираторного взрыва фагоцитирующих клеток. Данные литературы показывают, что в настоящее время при диагностике и оценке характера течения заболеваний состояние респираторного взрыва определяется у различных типов клеток врожденного иммунитета: нейтрофилы, моноциты и т. д. Делается заключение о том, что оценка респираторного взрыва фагоцитирующих клеток позволяет охарактеризовать как фундаментальные механизмы реагирования клеток врожденного иммунитета на патогенные и регуляторные воздействия, так разрабатывать новые высокочувствительные методы диагностики и прогноза развития и исхода различных иммунопатологических состояний. Представленные методы проточной цитометрии и хемилюминесцентного анализа позволяют определять как интегральное состояние респираторного взрыва, так и уровни и кинетические параметры синтеза отдельных АФК.</p><p> </p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory burst</kwd><kwd>phagocytic cells</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd><kwd>monocytes</kwd><kwd>active oxygen species</kwd><kwd>superoxide radical</kwd><kwd>infectious and inflammatory diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>респираторный взрыв</kwd><kwd>фагоцитирующие клетки</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd><kwd>моноциты</kwd><kwd>активные формы кислорода</kwd><kwd>супероксид-радикал</kwd><kwd>инфекционно-воспалительные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.Бердюгина О.В., Ершова А.В. 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