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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">588</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-2017-4-319-326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ASCORBIC ACID AT INFLUENZA INFECTION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРОТЕКТИВНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ АСКОРБИНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ПРИ ГРИППОЗНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zarubaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарубаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной вирусологии</p></bio><email>zarubaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slita</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слита</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной вирусологии</p></bio><email>zarubaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrentyeva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврентьева</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. лабораторией экспериментальной вирусологии</p></bio><email>zarubaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>zarubaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Cytomed, Ltd., St. Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЗАО «Цитомед», Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>319</fpage><lpage>326</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Zarubaev V.V., Slita A.V., Lavrentyeva I.N., Smirnov V.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Зарубаев В.В., Слита А.В., Лаврентьева И.Н., Смирнов В.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zarubaev V.V., Slita A.V., Lavrentyeva I.N., Smirnov V.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зарубаев В.В., Слита А.В., Лаврентьева И.Н., Смирнов В.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/588">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/588</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, AA) is an essential nutrient of the human diet due to its participation on numerous regulatory and enzymatic processes. AA takes part in such vital physiological processes as hormone production, collagen synthesis, stimulation of the immune system, etc. In the present review the activities of AA are considered that provide its protective effect at influenza infection. This effect can be result of direct virus-inhibiting activity of AA as well as of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress during influenza infection leads to nonspecific damage of the pulmonary tissue and subsequent inflammation of the lungs. The antioxidant activity of AA results in alleviation of infection due to suppression of tissue damage as well as in inhibition of reactive oxygen species-mediated signal transduction and regulatory reactions. After oxidation by ROS, AA is converted to dehydroascorbic acid (DAA) and inhibits the key enzymes of NF-κB pathway, such as kinases IKKα and IKKβ. AA itself blocks the activity of another component of the NF-kB pathway, kinase IKKβ(SS/EE), whose activity is directed to the phosphorylation of the factor IκBα. As a result, activation of NF-κB and its transport to the nucleus does not occur. Thus, AA performs a dual function: first, it neutralizes free radicals, preventing them from activating NF-κB, and secondly, the product of its oxidation, DAA, further blocks the activation of this pathway. In addition, in some cases AA results in the decrease in the infectious activity of influenza virus that is not due to the antioxidant activity of AA, but to direct virus-inhibiting activity. Taken together, the presented data suggests that the use of drugs with antiviral and antioxidant activity, as a combination of individual drugs or, as in the case of AA, as a single drug with complex activity, for treatment of influenza has advantages over the etiotropic drug monotherapy scheme.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Резюме. Аскорбиновая кислота (витамин C, АК) является важным пищевым компонентом для человека благодаря ее роли в различных регуляторных и ферментативных процессах. АК принимает участие в таких жизненно важных физиологических процессах, как продукция гормонов, синтез коллагена, стимуляция иммунной системы и пр. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрена активность АК, обеспечивающая ее протективный эффект при гриппозной инфекции. Этот эффект может быть обусловлен прямой вирусингибирующей активностью АК, а также ее противовоспалительными и антиоксидантными свойствами. Окислительный стресс при гриппе ведет к неспецифическому повреждению ткани легких и развитию воспаления. Антиоксидантная активность АК приводит к облегчению течения инфекции вследствие снижения уровня повреждения ткани и ингибирования передачи сигнала и регуляторных реакций, опосредуемых активными формами кислорода (АФК). После окисления АФК АК превращается в дегидроаскорбиновую кислоту (ДАК) и ингибирует ключевые ферменты сигнального пути NF-κB, такие как киназы IKKα и IKKβ. Сама АК блокирует активность другого компонента пути NF-κB — киназу IKKβ(SS/EE), активность которой направлена на фосфорилирование фактора IκBα. В результате активации NF-κB и его транспорта в ядро не происходит. Таким образом, АК осуществляет двойную функцию: во-первых, нейтрализует свободные радикалы, предотвращая активацию ими NF-κB, и, во-вторых, продукт ее окисления, ДАК, дополнительно блокирует активацию этого сигнального пути. Кроме того, в некоторых случаях АК приводит к снижению инфекционной активности вируса, что обусловлено не антиоксидантными свойствами АК, а ее прямой противовирусной активностью. Вместе взятые, представленные данные свидетельствуют, что использование препаратов с противовирусной и антиоксидантной активностью как в виде комбинации, так и, как в случае с АК, в виде единого препарата с комплексной активностью, для лечения гриппа имеет преимущества перед этиотропной схемой лечения гриппа монопрепаратами.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vitamin C</kwd><kwd>ascorbic acid</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>antivirals</kwd><kwd>anti-inflammatory activity</kwd><kwd>antioxidant activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>витамин C</kwd><kwd>аскорбиновая кислота</kwd><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>противовирусные препараты</kwd><kwd>противовоспалительная активность</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантная активность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.Akaike T. Role of free radicals in viral pathogenesis and mutation. Rev. Med. 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