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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">384</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-2016-1-45-54</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">INTERLEUKIN 1 AND INTERLEUKIN 4 GENES POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY AND PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN SENSITIZATION TO STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ГЕНОВ СЕМЕЙСТВА ИНТЕРЛЕЙКИНА 1 И ИНТЕРЛЕЙКИНА 4 ПРИ СЕНСИБИЛИЗАЦИИ ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО И ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА К STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabaldin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалдин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Lead Research of Laboratory of Cellular Technologies, Scientific Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation 650002, Russian Federation, Kemerovo, Sosnovy blvd., 6, Phone: +7 (3842) 39-64-29 (office); +7 951 163-90-11 (mobile).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела экспериментальной и клинической кардиологии ФГБНУ НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, г. Кемерово, Россия 650002, Россия, Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, 6, Тел.: (3842) 39-64-29 (служебн.); 8 951 163-90-11 (моб.)</p></bio><email>weit2007@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabaldina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалдина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Clinical Immunology Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой оториноларингологии и клинической иммунологии Кемеровской государственной медицинской академии, г. Кемерово, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazantsev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанцев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific Work St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зам. директора по научной работе Санкт-Петербургского НИИ уха, горла, носа и речи, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simbirtsev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симбирцев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Director of the Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, директор ГосНИИ особо чистых биопрепаратов ФМБА России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, г. Кемерово, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО Кемеровская государственная медицинская академия МЗ РФ, г. Кемерово, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Санкт-Петербургский НИИ уха, горла, носа и речи МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГУП ГосНИИ особо чистых биопрепаратов ФМБА РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Shabaldin A.V., Shabaldina E.V., Ryazantsev S.V., Simbirtsev A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Шабалдин А.В., Шабалдина Е.В., Рязанцев С.В., Симбирцев А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shabaldin A.V., Shabaldina E.V., Ryazantsev S.V., Simbirtsev A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шабалдин А.В., Шабалдина Е.В., Рязанцев С.В., Симбирцев А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/384">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/384</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Streptococcus pyogenes infection and sensitization to its antigens is considered to be an unfavorable factor for the induction of rheumatic pathology. The search for genetic predictors of rheumatic diseases in general, and sensitization to S. pyogenes, in particular, is of high relevance in modern medicine.</p><p><bold>Objective.</bold> To study the associations between interleukin 1 and interleukin 4 gene polymorphisms and the development of sensitization to antigens of S. pyogenes in toddlers and preschool children.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> 771 children aged 2–6 years with recurrent acute respiratory tract infections treated by allergist-immunologist and otorhinolaryngologist were included in the study. Antibodies against S. pyogenes were determined by ELISA using commercial kits “Immunoteks” (Stavropol, Russia) in all children. Children with IgG immune response to S. pyogenes were assigned to the study group (n = 306), whereas children without this response were assigned to the control group (n = 465). Both groups underwent gene typing of IL1B (+3953, C→T, rs 114634), IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp) and IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp) gene polymorphisms in the Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, ICBFM SB RAS. The data were processed using routine statistical methods for genetic analysis and the statistical software package Statistica 6.0. There were no deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium across all loci, suggesting validity of association studies between individual and combined genotypes and sensitization to antigens of S. pyogenes.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Positive association between sensitization to antigens of S. pyogenes and individual genotypes have been found: IL1B (+3953, C→T)*C,T (52.6% in the study group vs. 39.8% in the control group, p = 0.001; OR = 2.02; CI(99%) 0.47–5.93), IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,5r (7.19% in the study group vs. 1.29% in the control group, p = 0.001; OR = 5.59; CI(99%) 1.58–19.77), IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r (6.86% in the study group vs 3.01% in the control group, p = 0.05; OR = 2.34; CI(99%) 0.66–8.29); as well as for combined genotypes: IL1B (+3953, C→T)*C,C / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r (OR = 46.15); IL1B (+3953, C→T)*T,T / I-1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*4r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,3r (OR = 8.82) and IL1B (+3953, C→T)*C,T / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,2r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*3r,3r (OR = 7.23). Conclusion. High odds ratio (OR = 46.15) for IL1B (+3953, C→T)*C,C / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r suggests that combined genotype is a main marker of sensitivity and impaired immune tolerance to S. pyogenes in toddlers and preschool children. Thus, this study has confirmed the association between gene polymorphisms, and pro-inflammatory and proallergic cytokines, and autoimmune and allergic diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Инфицирование Streptococcus pyogenes и сенсибилизация к его антигенам является неблагоприятным фактором в отношении индукции ревматической патологии. Поиск генетических предикторов ревматической патологии в целом и сенсибилизации к S. pyogenes в частности является актуальной проблемой современной медицины.</p><p><bold>Цель:</bold> изучение ассоциативных связей между полиморфизмами генов семейства интерлейкина 1 и интерлейкина 4 и развитием сенсибилизации к антигенам S. pyogenes у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено обследование 771 ребенка, в возрастном интервале 2–6 лет, проходивших лечение по поводу рецидивирующих острых респираторных инфекций у врачей аллерголога-иммунолога и оториноларинголога. Всем детям проводили исследование антител к S. pyogenes с помощью твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа на к оммерческих наборах ООО «Иммунотекс» (г. Ставрополь, Россия). Детей, имеющих иммунный ответ по IgG типу к S. pyogenes, относили к основной группе (n = 306), а не имеющих его — к контрольной группе (n = 465). В обеих группах проведено генетическое типирование полиморфизмов IL1B (+3953, С→T, rs 114634), IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp) и IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp) в лаборатории фармакогеномики ИХБФМ СО РАН. Статистическую обработку полученных результатов проводили с помощью стандартных генетико-статистических методов, используя пакет прикладных програм «Statistica for WINDOWS 6.0». Для всех исследуемых локусов показано соблюдение равновесия Харди–Вайнберга, что указывало на правомочность исследований ассоциативных связей для отдельных и сочетанных генотипов с сенсибилизацией к антигенам S. pyogenes.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold>Выявили положительные ассоциации с сенсибилизацией к антигенам S. pyogenes для отдельных генотипов: IL1B (+3953, С→T)*С,Т (52,6% в опытной группе против 39,8% в группе сравнения, p = 0,001; OR = 2,02; CI(99%) 0,47–5,93), IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,5r (7,19% в опытной группе, против 1,29% в контроле, p = 0,001; OR = 5,59; CI(99%) 1,58–19,77), IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r (6,86% в опытной группе, против 3,01% в контроле, p = 0,05; OR = 2,34; CI(99%) 0,66–8,29); а также для сочетанных генотипов: IL1B (+3953, С→T)*C,C / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r (OR = 46,15); IL1B (+3953, С→T)*T,T / I-1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*4r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,3r (OR = 8,82) и IL1B (+3953, С→T)*C,T / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,2r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*3r,3r (OR = 7,23).</p><p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Принимая во внимание высокое отношение шансов (OR = 46,15) для IL1B (+3953, С→T)*C,C / IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)*2r,4r / IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp)*2r,2r, расценили, что данный сочетанный генотип является основным маркером чувствительности и нарушения иммунной толерантности к S. pyogenes у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста. Таким образом, в данном исследовании доказана ассоциативная связь между полиморфизмами генов провоспалительных и проаллергических цитокинов и аутоиммунной, и аллергической патологией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Streptococcus pyogenes sensitization</kwd><kwd>polymorphism IL1B (+3953, C→T, rs 114 634)</kwd><kwd>polymorphism IL1Ra (VNTR, intron 2, 89 bp)</kwd><kwd>polymorphism IL4 (VNTR intron 3, 70 bp).</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сенсибилизация к Streptococcus pyogenes</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм IL1B (+3953,С→T,rs 114634)</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм IL1Ra (VNTR,intron 2,89 bp)</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм IL4 (VNTR intron 3,70 bp)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Вейр Б. Анализ генетических данных: дискретные генетические признаки. М.: Мир, 1995. 213 с. [Veir B. 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