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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">353</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-2015-4-359-372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY FEATURES OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC SAKHA (YAKUTIA)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗОЛЯТОВ ВИРУСА ГЕПАТИТА C ИЗ РАЗНЫХ РЕГИОНОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Virology and Immunology HIV, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute; Associate Professor, Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University; Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией вирусологии и иммунологии ВИЧ-инфекции ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера; доцент кафедры иммунологии ГБОУ ВПО Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ; доцент кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики ГБОУ ВПО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Ju. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Seroepidemiology, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии и сероэпидемиологии ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of the University Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Clinic of Medical Institute, Northeast Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, Yakutsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник учебно-научной лаборатории геномной медицины клиники медицинского института ФГАОУ ВПО Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова, Якутск, Республика Саха (Якутия), Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bichurina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бичурина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Etiology and Control of Viral Infections St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. лабораторией этиологии и контроля вирусных инфекций ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой клинической лабораторной диагностики ГБОУ ВПО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukomolov</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мукомолов</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Virus Hepatitis, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией вирусных гепатитов ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of RAS, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Seroepidemiology, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute; Head of the Department of Immunology, Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии и сероэпидемиологии, ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург, Россия; зав. кафедрой иммунологии ГБОУ ВПО Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia&#13;
Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia&#13;
North-West State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург, Россия&#13;
ГБОУ ВПО Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия&#13;
ГБОУ ВПО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-East Federal University n.a. M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВПО Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-West State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia&#13;
Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург, Россия&#13;
ГБОУ ВПО Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-12-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>359</fpage><lpage>372</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-02-15"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-02-15"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Semenov A.V., Ostankova J.V., Gerasimova V.V., Bichurina M.A., Kozlov A.V., Mukomolov S.L., Totolian A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Семенов А.В., Останкова Ю.В., Герасимова В.В., Бичурина М.А., Козлов А.В., Мукомолов С.Л., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenov A.V., Ostankova J.V., Gerasimova V.V., Bichurina M.A., Kozlov A.V., Mukomolov S.L., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенов А.В., Останкова Ю.В., Герасимова В.В., Бичурина М.А., Козлов А.В., Мукомолов С.Л., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/353">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/353</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to WHO data about 3% of population are infected by hepatitic C virus (HCV) worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, thus it becoming one of the global public health problems. Clinical manifestations are varied and depend mainly of the virus biological properties and its interaction with the host immune system. Determination of virus genotype and subtype is important for a better understanding of the epidemiological and virological features of the disease. The prevalence genotypes hepatitis C virus is varies in different geographical regions of the world. The data about HCV genotypes distribution in some Russian Federation regions are very limited, especially about HCV genotypes prevalence in Siberia, Far East and some rural regions. One of such regions is Yakutia. In our study we identified genetic variants of HCV in chronic hepatitis C patients with moderate and high viral load from Yakutia by direct sequencing of HCV RNA NS5B region. Based on phylogenetic analysis we found the prevalent genotype 1 (88.3%), than genotype 2 (6.7%) and 3 (3.2%) among HCV patients with moderate and high viral load. Our results on the prevalence of subtype 1b are consistent with the data on the connection between this subtype with high levels of viremia, greater duration and severity of liver disease, as well as the development of chronic hepatits C in patients infected by HCV subtype 1b, compared with those infected with other subtypes of hepatitis virus C. The similarity of some Yakutian isolates with isolates from the United States, Brazil and Ireland was found. We discuss HCV subtype 2a isolates identified origin from isolates found in China. First in the territory of the Russian Federation HCV subtype 3g was identified, presumably imported from South Asia. Interconnected use of molecular, virological, demographic and epidemiological methods and information to monitor the infections will contribute to the understanding of the current HCV epidemiology in Russia. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Количество инфицированных вирусом гепатита С в мире составляет почти 3% от населения земного шара, при этом хронический гепатит С развивается приблизительно у 70–80% инфицированных. Хронический гепатит С является ведущей причиной цирроза печени и гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы, таким образом становясь одной из глобальных проблем общественного здравоохранения. Клинические проявления разнообразны, и зависят в основном от биологических свойств вируса и его взаимодействия с иммунной системой хозяина. Генотип вируса гепатита C является важным фактором, определяющим как вирусный ответ на противовирусную терапию, так и риск развития тяжелого заболевания печени. Определение генотипов и субтипов вируса важно для лучшего понимания эпидемиологических и вирусологических особенностей заболевания. Распространенность генотипов вируса гепатита С варьируется в разных географических регионах. Данные о распределении генотипов ВГС для некоторых субъектов Российской Федерации весьма ограничены, особенно это касается сельских регионов, Северной Сибири, Дальнего Востока, полярных регионов. Молекулярные характеристики циркулирующих на данных территориях вирусов практически не представлены в литературе. Одним из таких регионов является Якутия. В настоящем исследовании методом прямого секвенирования NS5B области РНК ВГС определены генетические варианты ВГС у жителей Якутии, страдающих ХВГС с умеренной и высокой вирусной нагрузкой. На основании филогенетического анализа показано, что среди обследованных больных ХВГС при умеренной и высокой вирусной нагрузке ВГС преобладает генотип 1 (88,3%) по сравнению с генотипом 2 (6,7%) и 3 (3,2%). Полученные результаты о распространенности субтипа 1b согласуются с данными о связи этого субтипа с высоким уровнем виремии, большей длительностью и тяжестью течения заболевания печени, а также преимущественным развитием ХВГС у пациентов с субтипом 1b, по сравнению с лицами, инфицированными иными субтипами вируса гепатита C. Для некоторых изолятов вируса гепатита С из Якутии показано сходство нуклеотидной последовательности региона NS5B с соответствующими фрагментами изолятов из США, Бразилии и Ирландии. Обсуждается тесная связь выявленных в нашей работе изолятов вирусного гепатита C субтипа 2а с изолятами, найденными в Китае. Впервые на территории РФ выявлен вирусный гепатит C субтипа 3g, предположительно завезенный из стран Южной Азии. Комплексное использование молекулярных, вирусологических, демографических и эпидемиологических методов и информации для наблюдения за инфекциями будет способствовать пониманию текущей эпидемиологической ситуации по вирусному гепатиту C в России. Масштабное исследование генотипов ВГС в Российской Федерации позволит оценить пути распространения и время эволюционного разделения изолятов вируса. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis C</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd><kwd>subtype</kwd><kwd>molecular epidemiology</kwd><kwd>phylogeny</kwd><kwd>Republic Sakha (Yakutia)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатит С</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>субтип</kwd><kwd>молекулярная эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>филогения</kwd><kwd>Республика Саха (Якутия)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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