<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3403</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-SOA-3403</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Surveillance of acute flaccidparalysis and poliomyelitison some territories of Russia and South Vietnam. Part 1. Polioviruses and paralysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Надзор за острым вялым параличом и полиомиелитом на некоторых территориях России и Южного Вьетнама. Часть 1. Полиовирусы и паралич</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenkova</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Etiology and Control of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории этиологии и контроля вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>romanenkova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>Thi Thanh Thao</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгуен</surname><given-names>Тао</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Head of Enteroviruses Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.н., зав. лабораторией энтеровирусов отдела иммунологии и микробиологии</p></bio><email>romanenkova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozaeva</surname><given-names>Nadezhda R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розаева</surname><given-names>Надежда Рашитовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Etiology and Control of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории этиологии и контроля вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>romanenkova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanaeva</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канаева</surname><given-names>Ольга Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Etiology and Control of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории этиологии и контроля вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>romanenkova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseeva</surname><given-names>Veronika A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеева</surname><given-names>Вероника Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Etiology and Control of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории этиологии и контроля вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>romanenkova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bichurina</surname><given-names>Maina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бичурина</surname><given-names>Маина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Etiology and Control of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией лаборатории этиологии и контроля вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>romanenkova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Интитут Пастера в Хошимине</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-03-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>329</fpage><lpage>337</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-31"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Romanenkova N.I., Nguyen T., Rozaeva N.R., Kanaeva O.I., Evseeva V.A., Bichurina M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Романенкова Н.И., Нгуен Т., Розаева Н.Р., Канаева О.И., Евсеева В.А., Бичурина М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanenkova N.I., Nguyen T., Rozaeva N.R., Kanaeva O.I., Evseeva V.A., Bichurina M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романенкова Н.И., Нгуен Т., Розаева Н.Р., Канаева О.И., Евсеева В.А., Бичурина М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/3403">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/3403</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The epidemiological and etiological aspects of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Russia and Vietnam were analysed and compared. The polio-free status is maintained on 14 territories of Russia and 29 provinces of South Vietnam. The quality of epidemiological and virological surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis is in accordance with the requirements of the national and international polio surveillance systems. All AFP cases were revealed, registered, reported and investigated in both countries. The percentage of poliovirus isolation from 2492 samples collected from patients with acute flaccid paralysis and contact persons in different years in Russia ranged from 1.3±0.89 to 9.8±0.79. In South Vietnam, 2143 samples from patients with acute flaccid paralysis were investigated. In Russia and Vietnam, we isolated vaccine polioviruses of all three types with predominance of type 3 polioviruses (63% and 50%, respectively) in both countries. From AFP patients in Russia and Vietnam, polioviruses were isolated in 4.9% and 1.0% studied samples, respectively. Some VDPV strains were revealed on the territories of Russia and South Vietnam. Here, we describe five cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis registered in Russia and two cases of AFP caused by VDPV type 2 reported in Vietnam. To prevent the risk of developing vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, it is indispensable to ensure high-quality surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis, maintain 95% polio vaccine pediatric coverage and strictly comply with sanitary legislation, including the National Vaccination Schedule when vaccinating children, to improve virological surveillance of polioviruses using classical and new virological and molecular methods and to continue research on poliomyelitis, including development of new safe and effective poliovirus vaccines able to induce both humoral and mucosal immunity. The systematic control of adequate polio vaccination is indispensable in order to prevent transmission of imported wild polioviruses into polio free countries as well as circulation of vaccine-derived polioviruses worldwide.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проведен сравнительный анализ эпидемиологического и этиологического аспектов полиомиелита и острых вялых параличей (ОВП) в России и Вьетнаме. Свободный от полиомиелита статус поддерживается на 14 территориях России и в 29 провинциях Южного Вьетнама. Качество эпидемиологического и вирусологического надзора соответствует требованиям национальных и международной систем надзора. Все больные ОВП выявлены, зарегистрированы и обследованы в обеих странах. В России процент выделения полиовирусов из проб от 2492 больных ОВП и контактных лиц в разные годы колебался от 1,3±0,89 до 9,8±0,79. В Южном Вьетнаме было исследовано 2143 пробы от больных с острыми вялыми параличами. В России и Вьетнаме мы выделили полиовирусы всех трех типов с преобладанием полиовирусов типа 3 (63 и 50% соответственно). В России полиовирусы были изолированы из 4,9% проб, во Вьетнаме в 1% проб содержались полиовирусы. Штаммы полиовирусов вакцинного происхождения (VDPV) были обнаружены в России и Вьетнаме. В статье дано описание пяти случаев вакциноассоциированного паралитического полиомиелита в России и двух случаев ОВП, вызванных VDPV типа 2, во Вьетнаме. Для предотвращения риска развития вакциноассоциированного паралитического полиомиелита необходимо обеспечивать высококачественный надзор за ОВП, поддерживать 95% охват детей вакцинацией, строго соблюдать санитарное законодательство и Национальный календарь прививок при иммунизации детей, совершенствовать вирусологический надзор с использованием классических и новых вирусологических и молекулярных методов и продолжать научные исследования по полиомиелиту, в том числе разработку новых безопасных и эффективных полиовирусных вакцин, индуцирующих гуморальный и мукозальный иммунитет. Необходимо контролировать качество вакцинации, чтобы предотвратить импортирование диких и циркуляцию производных от вакцины полиовирусов в свободных от полиомиелита странах и во всем мире.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute flaccid paralysis</kwd><kwd>vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis</kwd><kwd>polioviruses</kwd><kwd>circulation</kwd><kwd>surveillance</kwd><kwd>vaccination schedule</kwd><kwd>poliovirus vaccines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый вялый паралич</kwd><kwd>вакциноассоциированный паралитический полиомиелит</kwd><kwd>полиовирусы</kwd><kwd>циркуляция</kwd><kwd>надзор</kwd><kwd>календарь вакцинации</kwd><kwd>полиовирусные вакцины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Двадцать лет работы в Глобальной программе ликвидации полиомиелита: аналитический обзор. СПб.: ФБУН НИИЭМ имени Пастера, 2018. 88 с. [20 years of work at Global Polio Eradication Initiative. St. Petersburg, 2018. 88 p. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Онищенко Г.Г., Дроздов С.Г., Лялина Л.В., Бичурина М.А., Грачев В.П., Иванова О.Е., Ясинский А.А., Романенкова Н.И., Жебрун А.Б., Чернявская О.П., Воронцова Т.В. Проблемы ликвидации полиомиелита: монография. СПб., 2008. 304 с. [Onishenko G.G., Drozdov S.G., Lyalina L.V., Bichurina M.A., Grachev V.P., Ivanova O.E., Yasinsky A.A., Romanenkova N.I., Zhebrun A.B. Problems of Polio Eradication. St. Petersburg, 2008. 303 p. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Романенкова Н.И., Розаева Н.Р., Бичурина М.А., Канаева О.И., Чхинджерия И.Г. Вакциноассоциированный паралитический полиомиелит и острые вялые параличи на ряде территорий России за двадцатилетний период // Журнал инфектологии. Т. 11, № 3. С. 102–109. [Romanenkova N.I., Rozaeva N.R., Bichurina M.A., Kanaeva O.I., Chkhyndzheriya I.G. Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis on some territories of russia during 20 years. Zhurnal infektologii = Journal Infectology, 2019, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 102–109. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-3-102-109</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>СанПиН 3.3686-21 «Санитарно-эпидемиологические требования по профилактике инфекционных болезней». Утв. постановлением Главного государственного санитарного врача РФ от 28.01.2021 № 4. [3.1.2951-11. Sanitary rules for prevention of infectious diseases. Approved by Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 4 dated 28.01.2021. (In Russ.)] URL: https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/files/news/SP_infections_compressed.pdf (19.09.2022)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>CDC. Certification of poliomyelitis eradication — European Region, June 2002. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2002, vol. 51, no. 26, pp. 572–574.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Cherkasova E.A., Korotkova E.A., Yakovenko M.L., Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Chumakov K.M., Agol V.I. Long-term circulation of vaccine-derived poliovirus that causes paralytic disease. J. Virol., 2002, vol. 76, no. 13, pp. 6791–6799. doi: 10.1128/JVI.76.13.6791-6799.2002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Cherkasova E.A., Yakovenko M.L., Rezapkin G.V., Korotkova E.A., Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Romanenkova N.I., Rozaeva N.R., Sirota I., Agol V.I., Chumakov K.M. Spread of vaccine-derived poliovirus from a paralytic case in an immunodeficient child: an insight into the natural evolution of oral polio vaccine. J. Virol., 2005, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 1062–1070. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.2.1062-1070.2005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Crainic R., Couillin P., Blondel B., Cabau N., Boue A., Horodniceanu F. Natural variation of poliovirus neutralization epitope. Infect. Immun., 1983, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 1217–1225. doi: 10.1128/iai.41.3.1217-1225.1983</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Cuervo N.S., Guillot S., Romanenkova N., Combiescu M., Aubert-Combiescu A., Seghier M., Caro V., Crainic R., Delpeyroux F. Genomic features of intertypic recombinant Sabin strains excreted by primary vaccinees. J. Virol., 2001, vol. 75, no. 13, pp. 5740–5751. doi: 10.1128/JVI.75.13.5740-5751.2001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Morozova N.S., Sahakyan A.K., Kratovo E.A., Kozlovskaya L.I., Baykova O.Y., Krasota A.Y., Gmyl A.P. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in the Russian Federation in 1998–2014. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2018, vol. 76, pp. 64–69. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.017</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Korotkova E.A., Gmyl A.P., Yakovenko M.L., Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Kozlovskaya L.I. A cluster of paralytic poliomyelitis cases due to transmission of slightly diverged Sabin 2 vaccine poliovirus. J. Virol., 2016, vol.90, no.13, pp. 5978–5988. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00277-16</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Korotkova E.A., Prostova M.A., Gmyl A.P., Kozlovskaya L.I., Eremeeva T.P., Baikova O.Y., Krasota A.Y., Morozova N.S., Ivanova O.E. Case of poliomyelitis caused by significantly diverged derivative of the poliovirus type 3 vaccine sabin strain circulating in the orphanage. Viruses, 2020, vol. 12, no. 9: 970. doi: 10.3390/v12090970</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Romanenkova N.I., Guillot S., Rozaeva N.R., Balanant J., Crainic R., Bichurina M., Delpeyroux F. Use of a multiple restriction fragment length polymorphism method for detecting vaccine-derived polioviruses in clinical samples. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2006, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 4077–4084. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00017-06</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Sabin A.B. Oral poliovirus vaccine: history of its development and use, current strategies to eliminate poliomyelitis from the world. J. Infect. Dis., 1985, vol. 151, no. 3, pp. 420–436. doi: 10.1093/infdis/151.3.420</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Sutter R.W., Kew O.M., Cochi S.L., Aylward R.B. Poliovirus vaccine — live. In: Vaccines. Eds. Plotkin S.A., Orenstein W.A., Offit P.A.; 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders, 2013, pp. 598–645.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G., Gibson T.J. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucl. Acids Res., 1994, vol. 22, no. 22, pp. 4673–4680. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Van der Avoort H.G., Hull B.P., Hovi T.J., Pallansch M.A., Kew O.M., Crainic R., Wood D.J., Mulders M.N., Van Loon A.M. Comparative study of five methods for intratypic differentiation of polioviruses. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1995, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 2562–2566. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.10.2562-2566.1995</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Wattigney W.A., Mootrey G.T., Braun M.M., Chen R.T. Surveillance for poliovirus vaccine adverse events, 1991 to 1998: impact of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine. Pediatrics, 2001, vol. 107, no. 5: e83. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.5.e83</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization (WHO). Classification and reporting of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV). GPEI guidelines. 2016. URL: https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization (WHO). Manual for the virological investigation of polio. 4th ed. Geneva: WHO; 2004. URL: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/ WHO_IVB_04.10.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization (WHO). Polio eradication and endgame strategic plan 2013–2018. URL: http://www.polioeradication.org/Portals/0/Document/Resources/StrategyWork/PEESP_EN_A4.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Yakovenko M.L., Gmyl A.P., Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Ivanov A.P., Prostova M.A., Baykova O.Y., Isaeva O.V., Lipskaya G.Y., Shakaryan A.K., Kew O.M., Deshpande J.M., Agol V.I. The 2010 outbreak of poliomyelitis in Tajikistan: epidemiology and lessons learnt. Eurosurveillance, 2014, vol. 19, no. 7: 20706.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Yakovenko M.L., Korotkova E.A., Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Samoilovich E., Uhova I., Gavrilin G.V., Agol V.I. Evolution of the Sabin vaccine into pathogenic derivatives without appreciable changes in antigenic properties: need for improvement of current poliovirus surveillance. J. Virol., 2009, vol. 83, no. 7, pp. 3402–3406. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02122-08</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Yang C.F., De L., Holloway B.P., Pallansch M.A., Kew O.M. Detection and identification of vaccine-related polioviruses by the polymerase chain reaction. Virus Res., 1991, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 159–179. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(91)90107-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao D., Ma R., Zhou T., Yang F., Wu J., Sun H., Liu F., Lu L., Li X., Zuo S., Yao W., Yin J. Introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and impact on vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis — Beijing, China, 2014-2016. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2017, vol. 66, no. 49, pp. 1357–1361. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6649a4</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
