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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2629</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-AOP-2629</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of protein s and c level and its relationship with health-related factors in people living with hiv: a cross-sectional study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка уровня протеинов S и С и его связь с факторами, связанными со здоровьем, у людей, живущих с ВИЧ: поперечное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rezaei</surname><given-names>Esmaeil</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резаи</surname><given-names>Эсмаил</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of HIV research center laboratory Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор философии, заведующий лабораторией центра исследования ВИЧ, кафедра биохимии, факультет биологических наук</p></bio><email>esmaeilrezaei264@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jamali</surname><given-names>Elham</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джамали</surname><given-names>Эльхам</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>master of science in immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр иммунологии</p></bio><email>Ejamali87@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Foroozanfar</surname><given-names>Zohre</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Форузанфар</surname><given-names>Зохре</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, a researcher in HIV, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research center, Institute of Health</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, исследователь в области ВИЧ, Ширазский исследовательский центр по ВИЧ/СПИДу, Институт здравоохранения</p></bio><email>foroozanfar.zohre@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ataei</surname><given-names>Farangis</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атаеи</surname><given-names>Фарангис</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associated professors of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассоциированный профессор биохимии, кафедра биохимии, факультет биологических наук</p></bio><email>ataei_f@modares.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beheshti</surname><given-names>Shohre</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бехешти</surname><given-names>Шохре</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associated professors of infectious disease, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research center, Institute of Health</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Aдъюнкт-профессор инфекционных заболеваний, Ширазский научно-исследовательский центр ВИЧ/СПИДа, Институт здравоохранения</p></bio><email>beheshtishohreh@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Joulaei</surname><given-names>Hassan</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джулаи</surname><given-names>Хассан</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, head of HIV research center, associated professors of infectious disease, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research center, Institute of Health</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, руководитель исследовательского центра по ВИЧ, доцент кафедры инфекционных заболеваний Ширазского научно-исследовательского центра по ВИЧ/СПИДу, Институт здравоохранения</p></bio><email>joulaei_h@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tarbiat Modares University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Тарбиат Модарес</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peyvand Pathobiology and Genetic Laboratory</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пейвандская лаборатория патобиологии и генетики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ширазский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>549</fpage><lpage>558</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-26"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Rezaei E., Jamali E., Foroozanfar Z., Ataei F., Beheshti S., Joulaei H.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Резаи Э., Джамали Э., Форузанфар З., Атаеи Ф., Бехешти Ш., Джулаи Х.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rezaei E., Jamali E., Foroozanfar Z., Ataei F., Beheshti S., Joulaei H.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Резаи Э., Джамали Э., Форузанфар З., Атаеи Ф., Бехешти Ш., Джулаи Х.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2629">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2629</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction. </italic></bold>Not only does Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) threaten the complications associated with immunodeficiency, but also does it cause a set of chronic conditions that may lead to serious problems in these patients. Hypercoagulable state and other hematologic manifestations are reported as leading factors in various clinical problems like deep vein thrombosis in People Living with HIV (PLHIV). The present study aimed to investigate whether there is any correlation between proteins S and C levels (the thrombophilic conditions in HIV seropositive cases) and hematological factors, biochemical markers, CD4 count, HIV viral load, anti-retroviral therapy, Hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) confection, drug use, infectious diseases, and demographic characteristics.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods. </italic></bold>Protein S and C levels in 100 PLHIV were measured. Coagulation tests, CD4 count, HIV viral load, biochemical and hematological factors, and infectious tests were measured in these cases to assess any possible correlation between these factors and the patients’ proteins S and C levels.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results. </italic></bold>Protein S, and C deficiency among PLHIV 8% and 10%, respectively. Red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fasting blood sugar, and albumin were directly related to protein S, and the patients with positive VDRL significantly had a lower level of protein S. The patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy and those with positive VDRL had a higher level of protein C. CD4 count, prothrombin time, and cholesterol had also a direct correlation with protein C level.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion. </italic></bold>According to our results and the reduction of protein S, protein C, and the other factors affecting the lifestyle of PLHIV, there is an urge to pay special attention to thromboembolic disease. Moreover, there is a more possibility of hemostatic imbalances and coagulation disorders in them.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Вирус иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) не только угрожает осложнениями, связанными с подавлением иммунитета, но также вызывает ряд хронических состояний, которые могут привести к серьезным проблемам у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Гиперкоагуляция и другие гематологические проявления являются ведущими факторами различных клинических проблем у людей, живущих с ВИЧ (ЛЖВ), например таких как тромбоз глубоких вен. Настоящее исследование было посвящено выявлению какой-либо корреляции между уровнями протеинов S и C (обладающих антикоагулянтным и профибринолотическим действием) и гематологическими факторами, биохимическими маркерами, количеством CD4 Т-клеток, вирусной нагрузкой, антиретровирусной терапией, коинфекцией гепатитом С (ВГС) и гепатитом B (ВГВ), употреблением наркотиков, инфекционными заболеваниями и демографическими характеристиками.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы. </italic></bold>Уровни протеинов S и C были измерены у 100 ЛЖВ: оценивали результаты тестов на коагуляцию, количество CD4 Т-клеток, вирусную нагрузку, биохимические и гематологические показатели, а также данные тестов для выявления инфекционных агентов с целью обнаружения любой возможной корреляции между перечисленными показателями и уровнями протеинов S и C.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Дефицит протеина S и С среди ЛЖВ составили 8 и 10% соответственно. Уровень эритроцитов, гемоглобина, гематокрит, уровень сахара в крови натощак и альбумина были напрямую связаны с уровнем протеина S, у пациентов с положительным VDRL-тестом (модификация реакции Вассермана) был установлен значительно более низкий уровень протеина S. У пациентов, получавших антиретровирусную терапию, и у пациентов с положительным результатом VDRL-теста был выявлен более высокий уровень протеина С. Количество CD4 Т-клеток, протромбиновое время и уровень холестерина также прямо коррелировали с уровнем протеина С.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold>Учитывая полученные результаты, можно сделать вывод о необходимости контроля системы свертывания крови у ЛЖВ с целью предотвращения развития тромбоэмболических заболеваний у ЛЖВ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>protein C</kwd><kwd>protein S</kwd><kwd>thrombosis</kwd><kwd>venous thromboembolism</kwd><kwd>AIDS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>протеин С</kwd><kwd>протеин S</kwd><kwd>тромбоз</kwd><kwd>венозная тромбоэмболия</kwd><kwd>СПИД</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abdollahi A., Shoar T.S. Hyperhomocysteinemia in HIV-infected individuals: correlation of a frequent prothrombotic factor with CD4+. Cell Count. 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