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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">242</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-2014-4-319-330</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS VIRULENCE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevskiy</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневский</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head Researcher of St. Petersburg Research Institute Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><email>bivish@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manicheva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маничева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Researcher of St. Petersburg Research Institute Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonskiy</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>П. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Director of St. Petersburg Research Institute Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, директор ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation 194064, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg,  olitekhnicheskaya str., 32, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology.&#13;
Phone: +7 (812) 297-16-26. Fax: +7 (812) 237-16-26</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия 194064, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 32, ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ. Тел.: (812) 297-16-26. Факс: (812) 237-16-26</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии МЗ РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-12-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>319</fpage><lpage>330</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Vishnevskiy B.I., Manicheva O.A., Yablonskiy P.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Вишневский Б.И., Маничева О.А., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vishnevskiy B.I., Manicheva O.A., Yablonskiy P.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вишневский Б.И., Маничева О.А., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/242">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/242</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review presents recent data on the genetic determinants and the virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). The mechanisms of adaptation of the pathogen in the host organism and alterative manifestations are described as well as the relationship of virulence, drug resistance and the genetic affiliation of MBT are analyzed in thearticle. It was demonstrated the clinical and prognostic significance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence. The cyclic changes in MBT virulence coincide with the rise and fall of the incidence of tuberculosis has been established. Some virulence factors are targets to create fundamentally new anti-TB drugs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре приведены данные последних лет о генетических детерминантах и факторах вирулентнос ти МБТ. Изложены механизмы адаптации патогена в организме хозяина и альтеративных проявлений. Дан анализ взаимосвязи вирулентности, лекарственной устойчивости и генетической принадлежности Mycobacterium tuberculosis (МБТ). Показано клиническое и прогностическое значение вирулентности возбудителя туберкулеза. Установлено, что циклические изменения вирулентности МБТ полностью совпадают с подъемом и спадом заболеваемости туберкулезом. Указаны факторы вирулентности как мишени для создания принципиально новых противотуберкулезных средств.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>clinical manifestations</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>клинические проявления</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Андреевская С.Н., Смирнова Т.Г., Тимофеев А.В., Ларионова Е.Е., Черноусова Л.Н. Экспрессия генов, кодирующих индуцибельные субъединицы иммунопротеосомы, макрофагами, инфицированными M. bovis-BCG и M. tuberculosis H37Rv // Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2014. № 2. 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