Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI24110.15789/2220-7619-2014-4-303-318REVIEWSОБЗОРЫAPOPTOSIS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASESАПОПТОЗ И ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИSomovaL. M.СомоваЛ. М.
Russian Federation

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Director of Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of RAMS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation

д.м.н., профессор, директор ФГБУ НИИЭМ им. Г.П. Сомова СО РАМН, г. Владивосток, Россия

l_somova@mail.ruBesednovaN. N.БеседноваН. Н.
Russian Federation

PhD, MD (Medicine), RAS Full Member, Leading Researcher, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of RAMS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation

д.м.н., академик РАН, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ НИИЭМ им. Г.П. Сомова СО РАМН, г. Владивосток, Россия

PlekhovaN. G.ПлеховаН. Г.
Russian Federation

PhD, MD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Pathohistology, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of RAMS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation

д.б.н., зав. лабораторией клеточной биологии и патогистологии ФГБУ НИИЭМ им. Г.П. Сомова СО РАМН, г. Владивосток, Россия

FSBI Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, SB of RAMS, Vladivostok, Russia 690087, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Selskaya str., 1, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of RAMS. Phone/fax: +7 (423) 244-14-38ФГБУ НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.П. Сомова СО РАМН, г. Владивосток, Россия 690087, Россия, г. Владивосток, ул. Сельская, 1, ФГБУ НИИЭМ им. Г.П. Сомова СО РАМН. Тел./факс: 8 (423) 244-14-38FSBI Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, SB of RAMS, Vladivostok, RussiaФГБУ НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.П. Сомова СО РАМН, г. Владивосток, Россия03122014443033180302201503022015Copyright ©; 2014, Somova L.M., Besednova N.N., Plekhova N.G.Copyright ©; 2014, Сомова Л.М., Беседнова Н.Н., Плехова Н.Г.2014Somova L.M., Besednova N.N., Plekhova N.G.Сомова Л.М., Беседнова Н.Н., Плехова Н.Г.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/241

Apoptosis as immunomodulating form of cell death plays a stabilizing role in maintaining optimal number of cells in an organism. The biological essence of cell death in infectious diseases is poorly reflected, and the concept of negative and positive values of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of diseases is presented ambiguously. The review focuses on the classical caspase-dependent apoptosis of innate and adaptive immunity cells, whose reactivity is associated with the initiation of infectious processes. Some causative agents of bacterial and viral infections can be triggers or inhibitors of apoptosis in a eukaryotic host cell, avoiding the factors of the immune system. In severe infectious diseases that occur with the development of sepsis, a fatal importance has the massive apoptotic loss of lymphocytes expressed lymphocyte apoptosis that leads to immunodeficiency states and the majority of patients corresponds to premortem decrease in circulating lymphocytes. Further studies on the identification of the molecular elements whereby pathogenic agents cause the cell death effort to develop new therapeutic approaches, including inhibition of apoptosis, to prevent the progression of severe courses of infections.

Апоптоз как иммуномодулирующая форма клеточной гибели играет стабилизирующую роль в поддержании оптимального количества клеток в организме. Биологическая сущность гибели клеток при инфекционной патологии освещена недостаточно, а понятие об отрицательном и положительном значении апоптоза в патогенезе болезней представлено неоднозначно. В обзоре основное внимание сосредоточено на классичес ком каспаза-зависимом апоптозе клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, реактивность которых связана c инициацией и исходом инфекционных процессов. Ряд возбудителей бактериальных и вирусных инфекций способны быть триггерами или ингибиторами апоптоза в эукариотической клетке хозяина, избегая действия факторов иммунной системы. При тяжелых инфекциях, протекающих с развитием сепсиса, фатальное значение имеет массивная апоптотическая потеря лимфоцитов в органах иммунной системы, что приводит к иммунодефицитному состоянию и у многих пациентов соответствует премортальному уменьшению циркулирующих лимфоцитов. Дальнейшие исследования по идентификации молекулярных элементов, с помощью которых патогенные агенты вызывают клеточную гибель, обеспечат разработку новых терапевтических подходов, включая ингибирование апоптоза, для предотвращения прогрессирования тяжелых инфекций.

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