Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI211810.15789/2220-7619-PIP-2118ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleProbiotics in prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review of current evidenceПробиотики в профилактике и лечении COVID-19: систематический обзор современных данныхSeyedAlinaghiS.СейедАлинагиС.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, MPhil, PhD, Clinical Epidemiologist, Associate Professor, Research Deputy of Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA)

магистр философии, кандидат наук, клинический эпидемиолог, доцент, зам. руководителя по исследовательской деятельности Иранского исследовательского центра по ВИЧ/СПИД

s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.comShahidiRaminШахидиРамин
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, School of Medicine

врач, медицинский факультет

dr.raminshahidi1@gmail.comAfzalianArianАфзалянАриан
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, School of Medicine

врач, медицинский факультет

Arianafzalian@gmail.comParanjkhooParinazПаранджкхуПариназ
Armenia

MD, MPH, Researcher Turpanjian College of Health Sciences

магистр общественного здравоохранения, научный сотрудник медицинских наук Турпанджянского колледжа

parinazparanjkhoo@gmail.comGhorbanzadehKobraГорбанзадеКобра
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD (Nursing), Department of Nursing, Department of Health Information Technology

кафедра медицинских информационных технологий, кандидат наук, кафедра сестринского дела

ghorbanzadec@gmail.comMojdeganlouHengamehМодждеганлуХенгаме
United States

MD, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology

врач, медицинский факультет, кафедра патологии

Hmojdeg1@jhmi.eduRaziArminРазиАрмин
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Internal Medicine Department

врач, кафедра внутренних болезней

armin.razy@gmail.comMojdeganlouPanizМождеганлуПаниз
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD

врач

Paniz.Mojdeganlou@gmail.comDashtiMohsenДаштиМохсен
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Department of Radiology

врач, кафедра радиологии

Mohsen.d4shti@gmail.comGhasemzadehAfsanehГасемзадекАфсане
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Department of radiology

врач, кафедра радиологии

Afsanemqsz1996@gmail.comParikhaniSahar N.ПариханиСахар Нуралиоглы
Iran, Islamic Republic of

BS in Nursing, School of Medicine

бакалавр сестринского дела, медицинский факультет

Sahar.nurse91@gmail.comPashaeiA.ПашайА.
Canada

PhD Student, School of Nursing

аспирант, факультет сестринского дела

zahra.pashaei243@gmail.comKarimiAmiraliКаримиАмирали
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, School of Medicine

врач, медицинский факультет

karimi.amirali.1999@gmail.comSepideAhmadiСепидеАхмади
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, School of Medicine

врач, медицинский факультет

Sepide2434@gmail.comMehraeenEsmaeilМехраинЭсмаил
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Information Technology

кандидат наук, ассистент кафедры медицинских информационных технологий

es.mehraeen@gmail.comHackettDanielХакеттДэниел
Australia

PhD (Exercise and Sport Science), Lecturer in Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health

кандидат наук (физические упражнения и спортивные науки), преподаватель дисциплины физических упражнений и спортивных наук, Сиднейская школа медицинских наук, факультет медицины и здравоохранения

daniel.hackett@sydney.edu.auIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical SciencesИранский исследовательский центр по ВИЧ/СПИДу, Иранский институт по снижению рискованного поведения, Тегеранский университет медицинских наукSchool of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical SciencesМедицинский факультет Бушерского университета медицинских наукSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesМедицинский факультет Тегеранского университета медицинских наукTurpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of ArmeniaТурпанджянский колледж медицинских наук, Американский университет АрменииKhalkhal University of Medical SciencesХалхальский медицинский университетThe Johns Hopkins UniversityУниверситет Джона ХопкинсаShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesУниверситет медицинских наук имени Шахида БехештиTabriz University of Medical SciencesТебризский университет медицинских наукTabriz University of Medical Sciences IranТебризский университет медицинских наукUniversity of British ColumbiaУниверситет Британской КолумбииThe University of SydneyСиднейский университет29062023241020231347097221401202323062023Copyright ©; 2023, Seyed A.S., Shahidi R., Afzalian A., Paranjkhoo P., Ghorbanzadeh K., Mojdeganlou H., Razi A., Mojdeganlou P., Dashti M., Ghasemzadeh A., Parikhani S.N., Pashaei A., Karimi A., Sepide A., Mehraeen E., Hackett D.Copyright ©; 2023, Сейед А.С., Шахиди Р., Афзалян А., Паранджкху П., Горбанзаде К., Модждеганлу Х., Рази А., Мождеганлу П., Дашти М., Гасемзадек А., Парихани С.Н., Пашай А., Карими А., Сепиде А., Мехраин Э., Хакетт Д.2023Seyed A.S., Shahidi R., Afzalian A., Paranjkhoo P., Ghorbanzadeh K., Mojdeganlou H., Razi A., Mojdeganlou P., Dashti M., Ghasemzadeh A., Parikhani S.N., Pashaei A., Karimi A., Sepide A., Mehraeen E., Hackett D.Сейед А.С., Шахиди Р., Афзалян А., Паранджкху П., Горбанзаде К., Модждеганлу Х., Рази А., Мождеганлу П., Дашти М., Гасемзадек А., Парихани С.Н., Пашай А., Карими А., Сепиде А., Мехраин Э., Хакетт Д.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2118

Introduction. Clinical evidence suggests that certain probiotics may help treat and prevent viral infections. To date, the effectiveness of probiotics in the alleviation of COVID-19 has not been established. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Materials and methods. An extensive search of four electronic databases was performed which included Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from November 2019 to June 2022. After reviewing the references list of related articles additional studies were identified. A multiple combination of keywords validated by MESH were used to search the databases. Study selection was performed according to an inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results. Twenty-three articles met the study inclusion criteria. Six articles were conducted in vitro while the remaining studies were conducted in the human population (in vivo). The type of probiotic was defined in eighteen studies. There were two studies that used supplements (vitamins, herbals, minerals, etc.) in addition to probiotics. The largest sample size was 445 850 participants which were from a study that used an application-based survey. The majority of studies found that probiotics had a positive effect on the COVID-19 disease. The benefits included early remission of COVID-19 symptoms and a shorter duration of sickness (10 studies), lower mortality rates (3 studies), and decreased hospitalization and length of stay (3 studies). Six in vitro studies found that probiotics were beneficial against SARS-CoV-2 through antiviral effects. There were only two studies that found probiotics to be ineffective or caused negative effects when consumed in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion. Available evidence supports the antiviral role of probiotics on prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The antiviral potential of Lactobacillus paracasei metabolite PlnE and PlnF against SARS-CoV-2 may explain the effectiveness of probiotics on COVID-19.

Введение. Клинические данные свидетельствуют о том, что некоторые пробиотики могут быть полезны в лечении и профилактике вирусных инфекций. Однако эффективность пробиотиков при COVID-19 на сегодняшний день не установлена. Цель настоящего систематического обзора заключалась в оценке роли пробиотиков в профилактике и лечении COVID-19.

Материалы и методы. Был проведен расширенный поиск информации по обозначенному выше вопросу в четырех электронных базах данных, включая Embase, Scopus, Web of Science и PubMed, во временном интервале с ноября 2019 г. по июнь 2022 г. После изучения списка соответствующих статей были определены дополнительные поисковые ограничения. Для поиска в базах данных использовалось несколько комбинаций ключевых слов, проверенных MESH. Отбор исследований осуществлялся в соответствии с критериями включения и исключения.

Результаты. Двадцать три статьи соответствовали критериям включения в исследование. В шести статьях была информация об исследованиях, проведенных in vitro, в остальных — об исследованиях, проведенных у людей (in vivo). Тип пробиотика был указан в восемнадцати исследованиях. В двух исследованиях в дополнение к пробиотикам использовались пищевые добавки (витамины, травы, минералы и т. д.). Самый большой размер выборки составил 445 850 участников, опрос которых проводился в мобильном приложении COVID Symptom Study. Большинство исследований показало, что пробиотики оказывают положительное влияние на течение COVID-19, что проявляется в начале ремиссии симптомов COVID-19 на ранних сроках заболевания и в более короткой продолжительности болезни (по данным 10 исследований), в более низких показателях смертности (3 исследования), а также в снижении числа госпитализаций и продолжительности пребывания в стационаре (3 исследования). Шесть исследований in vitro показали, что пробиотики были эффективны в отношении SARS-CoV-2 благодаря противовирусному действию. Только два исследования показали, что пробиотики при COVID-19 неэффективны или их применение приводят к негативным последствиям.

Выводы. Имеющиеся данные подтверждают роль пробиотиков в профилактике и лечении COVID-19. Эффективность пробиотиков при COVID-19 может быть объяснена наличием противовирусного потенциала бактериоцинов PlnE и PlnF Lactobacillus paracasei в отношении SARS-CoV-2.

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