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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2107</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-AOF-2107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of formation and durability of adaptive immunity in COVID-19 convasescents</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка формирования и напряженности адаптивного иммунитета у переболевших COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Inna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Инна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Acting Head of the Immunology Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, врио зав. лабораторией иммунологии</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippenko</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппенко</surname><given-names>Анна В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trufanova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Труфанова</surname><given-names>Анастасия А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelchenko</surname><given-names>Natalya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельченко</surname><given-names>Наталья Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher Laboratory of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemisova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемисова</surname><given-names>Ольга С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acting Head of the Laboratory “Сollection of Pathogenic Microorganisms”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ио зав. лабораторией «Коллекция патогенных микроорганизмов»</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodopyanov</surname><given-names>Aleksej S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водопьянов</surname><given-names>Алексей С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Natural Focal and Zoonotic Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии природно-очаговых и зоонозных инфекций</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereznyak</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березняк</surname><given-names>Елена А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Natural Focal and Zoonotic Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории природно-очаговых и зоонозных инфекций</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>Elena P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Елена П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Junior Researcher, Epidemiology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., младший научный сотрудник отдела эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Noskov</surname><given-names>Aleksej K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носков</surname><given-names>Алексей К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolyan</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег Артемович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor,Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, директор</p></bio><email>ivanova_ia@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Institute of Rospotrebnadzor</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФКУЗ Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>319</fpage><lpage>328</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-12"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Ivanova I.A., Filippenko A.V., Trufanova A.A., Omelchenko N.D., Chemisova O.S., Vodopyanov A.S., Bereznyak E.A., Sokolova E.P., Noskov A.K., Totolyan A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Иванова И.А., Филиппенко А.В., Труфанова А.А., Омельченко Н.Д., Чемисова О.С., Водопьянов А.С., Березняк Е.А., Соколова Е.П., Носков А.К., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova I.A., Filippenko A.V., Trufanova A.A., Omelchenko N.D., Chemisova O.S., Vodopyanov A.S., Bereznyak E.A., Sokolova E.P., Noskov A.K., Totolyan A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова И.А., Филиппенко А.В., Труфанова А.А., Омельченко Н.Д., Чемисова О.С., Водопьянов А.С., Березняк Е.А., Соколова Е.П., Носков А.К., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2107">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2107</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of adaptive immunity in COVID-19 convalescent patients is important, because no consensus on whether the disease severity affects formation and durability of COVID-19 immune response has been achieved. A comparative assessment of emergence and durability of sustained cellular and humoral immunity in convalescent patients with COVID-19 of varying severity was carried out. The study involved volunteers with asymptomatic (n = 30), moderate (n = 21) and severe (n = 12) COVID-19. The average age of the subjects was 47.3±12.5 years. The formation of cellular immunity was assessed by increased IFNγ production in response to 16–20 hour-long SARS-CoV-2-derived glycoprotein S (RBD) lymphocyte stimulation. To measure IFNγ level, the Gamma Interferon–IFA-BEST test system manufactured by Vector-Best JSC, Russia, was used. The humoral immune response was recorded by detecting SARS-CoV-2RBD-specific class G antibodies using the “SARS-CoV-2RBD-ELISA-Gamalei” test system (FSBI “NITSEM N.F. Gamalei” of the Ministry of Health of Russia). It was revealed that humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 proteins was formed in all COVID-19 convalescent patients. However, the number of subjects with adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and the duration of its preservation depends on the severity of the infection. A significant decrease in the number of subjects with cellular immunity was revealed in the group of severe COVID-19. Most of the volunteers in this group had class G immunoglobulins before the end of the follow-up. In this group, unlike the other two, no patients were identified in whom only the cellular arm of the immune response was activated. Volunteers who did not retain adaptive immunity to the COVID-19 pathogen appeared only by the end of the follow-up period. Among those recovered after moderate disease 7–8 months later there was a decrease in the number of people with cellular and humoral immunity. This process started earlier than in the group of patients who were asymptomatic and continued until the end of the study. The proportion of individuals with cellular immunity increased, and at later timepoint — with humoral immune response. By the end of the study, a high percentage of volunteers remained asymptomatically infected, having cellular and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Their number remained significantly higher than in the group of moderate COVID-19, but lower than in severe COVID-19. By the end of the study, an increased number of volunteers with solely cellular immune response was recorded in this group. At the end of the follow-up period, the number of volunteers with humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 remained higher compared to those with a cellular immune response.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучение адаптивного иммунитета у перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию является важной задачей, так как нет единого мнения, влияет ли на формирование и напряженность иммунного ответа к COVID-19 степень тяжести перенесенного заболевания. Проведена сравнительная оценка наличия и длительности сохранения клеточного и гуморального иммунитета у перенесших COVID-19 разной степени тяжести. В исследовании принимали участие волонтеры, переболевшие новой коронавирусной инфекцией бессимптомно (n = 30), в средней степени тяжести (n = 21) и в тяжелой форме (n = 12). Средний возраст обследуемых составил 47,3±12,5 года. О формировании клеточного иммунитета судили по увеличению синтеза IFNγ в ответ на стимуляцию лимфоцитов в течение 16–20 ч гликопротеином S(RBD) возбудителя COVID-19. Для определения продукции IFNγ использовали тест–систему «гамма-Интерферон-ИФА-БЕСТ», производства АО «Вектор-Бест», Россия. Гуморальный иммунный ответ регистрировали, выявляя антитела класса G с помощью тест-системы «SARS-CoV-2RBD-ИФА-Гамалеи» (ФГБУ «НИЦЭМ им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России). Выявлено, что у всех переболевших формируется гуморальный и клеточный иммунитет к SARS-CoV-2. Однако количество лиц с адаптивным иммунитетом к COVID-19 и длительность его сохранения зависит от тяжести перенесенной инфекции. Значительное снижение числа лиц, имеющих клеточный иммунитет, было выявлено в группе тяжелопереболевших. У большинства волонтеров этой группы регистрировалось наличие иммуноглобулинов класса G до окончания наблюдения. В рамках этой группы, в отличие от двух других, не были выявлены пациенты, у которых активировалось только клеточное звено иммунного ответа. Волонтеры, у которых не сохранился адаптивный иммунитет к возбудителю COVID-19, появились только к концу срока наблюдения. Среди перенесших заболевание в средней форме через 7–8 месяцев после выздоровления наблюдалось уменьшение числа лиц, имеющих клеточный и гуморальный иммунитет. Этот процесс начался раньше, чем в группе болевших бессимптомно и продолжался до конца исследования. Увеличивалась доля лиц с клеточным иммунитетом, а в более поздние сроки — с гуморальным иммунным ответом. К концу исследования сохранялся высокий процент волонтеров, перенесших инфекцию бессимптомно, имеющих клеточный и гуморальный иммунитет к SARS-CoV-2. Их количество оставалось статистически выше, чем в группе перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию средней степени тяжести, но ниже, чем в группе болевших тяжело. В этой группе к окончанию эксперимента регистрировалось увеличение числа волонтеров с только клеточным иммунным ответом. В конце срока наблюдения число волонтеров, имеющих гуморальный иммунитет к возбудителю новой коронавирусной инфекции, оставалось выше, по сравнению с теми, у кого регистрируется клеточный иммунный ответ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>cellular immunity</kwd><kwd>humoral immunity</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulins</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>клеточный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>гуморальный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Потеряев Д.А., Аббасова С.Г., Игнатьева П.Е., Стрижакова О.М., Колесник С.В., Хамитов Р.А. Оценка Т-клеточного иммунитета к SARS-CoV-2 у переболевших и вакцинированных против COVID-19 лиц с помощью ELISPOT набора ТиграТест® SARS-CoV-2 // БИОпрепараты. 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