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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2063</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-TRO-2063</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of Recombinant interleukin-2 in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль рекомбинантного интерлейкина-2 в лечении больных хроническим гепатитом В.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7067-9069</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1744-3938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Федоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depaftment of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией</p></bio><email>a.f.novikova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-361X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Larisa L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Лариса Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией </p></bio><email>ll_popova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-8487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией </p></bio><email>d.u.konstantinov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Самарский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1141</fpage><lpage>1149</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-05"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Novikova A.F., Popova L.L., Konstantinov D.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Новикова А.Ф., Попова Л.Л., Константинов Д.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova A.F., Popova L.L., Konstantinov D.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова А.Ф., Попова Л.Л., Константинов Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2063">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2063</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dysregulated immune response occurring in chronic hepatitis B prevents the virus elimination and contributes to progression of the infectious process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness (biochemical, immunological, virological) of combination treatment with tenofovir and Recombinant interleukin-2 in chronic hepatitis B patients.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> A comparative analysis of the results from laboratory examination of chronic hepatitis B patients in two comparison groups, comparable in sex, age, stage of fibrosis, viral load, was carried out: group I (n = 27) received tenofovir, according to the accepted recommendations, and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), group II (n = 25) — tenofovir.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Before the onset of antiviral therapy all patients with chronic hepatitis B had increased hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase from 1.2 to 5 norms as well as dysregulated cellular immunity factors with significantly decreased absolute count of CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD16<sup>+</sup> and increased CD20<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes. After 12 months of treatment, patients in observation groups showed normalized cytolysis and cholestasis with insignificant intergroup differences. The level of absolute count of CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells and CD16<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes in the I group increased (by 24.7%, 24.1%, 34.5%, respectively, all p &lt; 0.001 relative to the initial values), not observed in comparison group. The level of CD20<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes in group 1 was decreased by 35.9%, and in group 2 — by 7.9% (p<sub>I–II</sub> &lt; 0.001). In group 1, the level of HBsAg after 12 months of treatment became lower by 52% (p &lt; 0.001).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The conducted pilot study showed that the combination etiopathogenetic therapy of patients with chronic hepatitis B using tenofovir and rIL-2 improves liver functional state, restores the disturbed balance of immunocompetent cells: by increasing level of CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+ </sup>T-lymphocytes, CD16<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes and reducing the count of CD20<sup>+</sup> cells, and also allows to steadily reduce blood serum HBsAg level.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дисрегуляция иммунного ответа, возникающая при хроническом гепатите В (ХГВ), препятствует элиминации вируса и способствует прогрессированию инфекционного процесса. Цель — оценить эффективность (биохимическую, иммунологическую, вирусологическую) комплексной терапии препаратами тенофовир и рекомбинантный интерлейкин-2 (rIL-2) в лечении больных ХГВ.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведен сравнительный анализ результатов лабораторного обследования больных ХГВ в двух группах сравнения, сопоставимых по полу, возрасту, стадии фиброза, вирусной нагрузке: I группа (n = 27) получала тенофовир, согласно принятым рекомендациям, и rIL-2, II группа (n = 25) — препарат тенофовир.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Перед стартом противовирусной терапии у всех больных ХГВ наблюдалось повышение уровня печеночных трансаминаз, щелочной фосфатазы и гаммаглутамилтранспептидазы от 1,2 до 5 норм, а также дисрегуляция клеточных факторов иммунитета со значимым снижением абсолютного числа CD4<sup>+</sup>-, CD8<sup>+</sup>-, CD16<sup>+</sup>- и повышением CD20<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов. Через 12 месяцев лечения у больных в наблюдаемых группах отмечена нормализация показателей цитолиза и холестаза с незначимыми межгрупповыми различиями. Содержание абсолютного числа CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup> Т-клеток и CD16<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов в I группе повысилось (на 24,7, 24,1, 34,5% соответственно, все p &lt; 0,001 относительно исходных величин), чего не произошло в группе сравнения. Уровень CD20<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов в I группе пациентов ХГВ снизился на 35,9%, а во II — на 7,9% (p<sub>I–II</sub> &lt; 0,001). В I группе больных ХГВ уровень HВsAg через 12 месяцев лечения стал ниже на 52% (p &lt; 0,001).</p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Проведенное пилотное исследование показало, что комплексная этиопатогенетическая терапия больных ХГВ тенофовиром и rIL-2 улучшает функциональное состояние печени, восстанавливает нарушенный баланс иммунокомпетентных клеток: повышая уровень СD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов, СD16<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов и снижая число СD20<sup>+</sup>-клеток, а также позволяет устойчиво снизить уровень HВsAg в сыворотке крови.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic hepatitis B</kwd><kwd>CD4+ lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>tenofovir</kwd><kwd>antiviral therapy</kwd><kwd>recombinant interleukin-2</kwd><kwd>HBsAg</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический гепатит B</kwd><kwd>тенофовир</kwd><kwd>противовирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>CD4+-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантный интерлейкин-2</kwd><kwd>HBsAg</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Абдурахманов Д.Т. 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