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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2062</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-OOD-2062</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">OUTBREAK OF DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPES IN DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER PATIENTS OF PESHAWAR PAKISTAN</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВСПЫШКА СЕРОТИПОВ ВИРУСА ДЕГЕ У БОЛЬНЫХ ГЕМОРРАГИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИХОРАДКОЙ ДЕГЕ В ПЕШАВАРЕ, ПАКИСТАН</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-9346</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Zoology/Virology</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rehman</surname><given-names>Faiz Ur</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рехман</surname><given-names>Фаиз ур</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="PK">Pakistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Im Mr Faiz Ur Rehman Belongs to Peshawar Pakistan working as a lecturer in Zoology at Government Superior Science College Peshawar Pakistan</p>
<p>I have 5 years teaching and research experience</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель правительства Верховного научного колледжа Пешавар (5 лет)</p></bio><email>faiz02140@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Virology</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khan</surname><given-names>Sana ullah</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хан</surname><given-names>Сана Улла</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="PK">Pakistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor Department of zoology University of Peshawar Pakistan (20 years)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры зоологического университета Пешаварского Пакистана (20 лет)</p></bio><email>sanaullahkhan@uop.edu.pk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Microbiology</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hassan</surname><given-names>Faaiz ul</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасан</surname><given-names>Фаиз уль</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="PK">Pakistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Scholar Department of Microbiology Kohat University of Science and Technology (3 years)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат наук, стипендиат кафедры микробиологии Кохатский университет науки и технологий (3 года)</p></bio><email>fhassan.mb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khan</surname><given-names>Hafeez ullah</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хан</surname><given-names>Хафиз Улла</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="PK">Pakistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of zoology University of Peshawar Pakistan (5 years)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>факультет зоологического университета Пешаварского Пакистана (5 лет)</p></bio><email>hafeez_ullah300@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Microbiology /Virology</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ahmad</surname><given-names>Iqbal</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмед</surname><given-names>Икбал</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="PK">Pakistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post Doctorate Research Scholar Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS- Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese academy of Agricultural sciences, Harbin China. (5 years)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор наук, стипендиат Харбинского института ветеринарных исследований, Объединенная лаборатория врожденного иммунитета Мичиганского государственного университета, Основная лаборатория ветеринарной биотехнологии, Китайская академия сельскохозяйственных наук, Харбин, Китай (5 лет)</p></bio><email>iqbal_microbiologist@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khan</surname><given-names>Zahoor</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хан</surname><given-names>Захур</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="PK">Pakistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MPhil zoology Department of Zoology Islamia College University Peshawar Pakistan (3 years)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр философии, факультет зоологии Исламийского университета Пешавар, Пакистан (3 года)</p></bio><email>zahoor303@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Government Superior Science College Peshawar, KP, 25000 Pakistan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный высший научный колледж Пешавара, ХП, 25000, Пакистан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Zoology University of Peshawar, KP, 25000 Pakistan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Факультет зоологии Пешаварского университета, ХП, 25000 Пакистан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, KP, Kohat 26000, Pakistan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кафедра микробиологии, Кохатский университет науки и технологий, КП, Кохат 26000, Пакистан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS- Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese academy of Agricultural sciences, Harbin China</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Харбинский институт ветеринарных исследований, CAAS – Объединенная лаборатория врожденного иммунитета Мичиганского государственного университета, Основная лаборатория ветеринарной биотехнологии, Китайская академия сельскохозяйственных наук, Харбин, Китай</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Government Superior Science College Peshawar</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный высший научный колледж Пешавара</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Rehman F., Khan S., Ul Hassan F., Khan H., Ahmad I., Khan Z.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Rehman F., Khan S., Ul Hassan F., Khan H., Ahmad I., Khan Z.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rehman F., Khan S., Ul Hassan F., Khan H., Ahmad I., Khan Z.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Rehman F., Khan S., Ul Hassan F., Khan H., Ahmad I., Khan Z.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2062">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2062</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Abstract</bold></p> <p>Background: Dengue is the most critical medical problem in tropical and sub-tropical locales of the world transmitted by the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Dengue virus (DENV) is categorized into 4 serotypes i.e. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4. The role of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in the causation of primary Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) among dengue patients are not well studied in Pakistan. This research aimed to determine the association of DENV serotypes with DHF in dengue hemorrhagic fever patients of district Peshawar Pakistan.</p> <p>Methods: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from DF and DHF patients. All of the samples were considered to be positive by NS1 Elisa. RNA was extracted with an RNA kit (TRIzol, USA) using the manufacturer protocol. The extracted RNA was then converted into cDNA by using Revert AID Reverse transcriptase (Thermofisher scientific) the target region for transcription and Amplification is a c-prM region which was amplified by Regular PCR and by using Nested PCR, the DENV serotypes (1-4) (Thermofisher scientific) was identified by using serotypes specific primers (TS1, TS2, TS3, and TS4) the samples was run through gel electrophoresis and then read the product size.</p> <p>Results: a total of 164 (82%) samples were considered to be positive by both NS1 Elisa and RT-PCR while 36 (18%) were negative by RT-PCR. the study population consists of 60% male and 40% female. Within positive samples, 40 patients have DHF of which 24 (15%) were male and 16 (10%) were females. Most of the affected patients have an age range between 10-30 years followed by 30-40 years. All of the DHF patients were primary patients and had no previous dengue fever history. By using Serotype-specific primers all the DHF samples were positive for Serotype-2 (DENV2). This shows that DENV2 was primarily associated with DHF</p> <p>Conclusion: DENV2 is the dominant serotype in the Dengue outbreak in affected patients of Peshawar.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Резюме</bold></p> <p>История вопроса: Лихорадка Денге является наиболее серьезной медицинской проблемой в тропических и субтропических регионах мира, передающейся через укус комара <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic>. Вирус денге (DENV) подразделяется на 4 серотипа: DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 и DENV4. В Пакистане недостаточно изучена роль разных серотипов вируса денге в возникновении первичной геморрагической лихорадки денге (ГЛД) среди больных денге. Настоящее исследование было направлено на определение связи между серотипами DENV с DHF у пациентов с геморрагической лихорадкой денге в районе Пешавар, Пакистан.</p> <p>Методы: у пациентов с ЛД и ГЛД всего было взято 200 образцов крови. Все образцы были признаны положительными с помощью NS1 Elisa. РНК экстрагировали с помощью набора РНК (TRIzol, США) согласно протоколу производителя. Далее выделенную РНК конвертировали в кДНК с помощью обратной транскриптазы Revert AID (Thermofisher Scientific). Целевой областью для транскрипции и амплификации является область c-prM, которую амплифицировали с помощью стандартного протокола ПЦР и с помощью Nested ПЦР идентифицировали серотипы DENV (1-4) (Thermofisher Scientific) с использованием праймеров, специфичных для серотипов (TS1, TS2, TS3 и TS4), после чего образцы анализировались гель-электрофорезом с определением размера продукта.</p> <p>Результаты: в общей сложности 164 (82%) образца были признаны положительными как с помощью NS1 Elisa, так и с помощью RT-PCR, тогда как 36 (18%) были отрицательными по результатам RT-PCR. Исследуемая популяция состоит из 60% мужчин и 40% женщин. Среди положительных образцов у 40 пациентов была ГЛД: 24 (15%) мужчин и 16 (10%) женщин. Большинство заболевших пациентов имеют возрастной диапазон от 10 до 30 лет, и далее лица в возрасте 30-40 лет. Все пациенты с ГЛД были первичными пациентами и ранее не имели истории лихорадки денге. Благодаря использованию серотип-специфических праймеров все образцы ГЛД оказались положительными по серотипу 2 (DENV2). Это показывает, что DENV2 был в первую очередь связан с ГЛД.</p> <p>Вывод: DENV2 является доминирующим серотипом при вспышке лихорадки Денге у больных в Пешаваре.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Dengue virus Serotypes</kwd><kwd>Dengue Fever (DF)</kwd><kwd>Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)</kwd><kwd>DENV2</kwd><kwd>RT-PCR</kwd><kwd>ELISA,</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>серотипы вируса денге</kwd><kwd>лихорадка денге (ЛД)</kwd><kwd>геморрагическая лихорадка денге (ГЛД)</kwd><kwd>DENV2</kwd><kwd>RT-PCR</kwd><kwd>ИФА.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1	Ali L., Gul Z., Ijaz A., Khalid N., Zeb F., Afzal S., Ullah A., Subhan F., Ahmed S. An overview of dengue viral infection circulating in Pakistan. 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