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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2056</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-MAG-2056</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular and genetic characteristics of Nizhny Novgorod Regionepstein–Barr virus isolates in children with infectious mononucleosis and healthy virus carriers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика нижегородских изолятов вируса Эпштейна–Барр у детей при инфекционном мононуклеозе и здоровом вирусоносительстве</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>Mariia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryzgalova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брызгалова</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharnov</surname><given-names>Nikolai A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарнов</surname><given-names>Николай Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soboleva</surname><given-names>Evgeniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболева</surname><given-names>Евгения Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Infectologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-инфекционист</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Infectologist, Allergologist and Immunologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-инфекционист, аллерголог-иммунолог</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ НО Нижегородский областной центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Tonus Krokha i Semeynaya Stomatologiya” LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Тонус Кроха и Семейная Стоматология»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>275</fpage><lpage>288</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Popkova M.I., Utkin O.V., Bryzgalova D.A., Sakharnov N.A., Soboleva E.A., Kulova E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Попкова М.И., Уткин О.В., Брызгалова Д.А., Сахарнов Н.А., Соболева Е.А., Кулова Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popkova M.I., Utkin O.V., Bryzgalova D.A., Sakharnov N.A., Soboleva E.A., Kulova E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попкова М.И., Уткин О.В., Брызгалова Д.А., Сахарнов Н.А., Соболева Е.А., Кулова Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2056">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2056</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Numerous foreign studies evidence about a pronounced heterogeneity of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) populationcirculating throughout the world. Various EBV classifications have been proposed. The attention of Russian researchers has focused on the study of the structural and functional polymorphism of the EBV <italic>LMP-1</italic> oncogene in the context of oncological diseases in adulthood. The aim of the work was to assess EBV molecular genetic diversity in children with EBV infection in the Nizhny Novgorod region. There were analyzed blood leukocyte and saliva specimens from children aged 1–17 years with EBV-infectious mononucleosis (n = 69) and sex- and age-matched healthy virus carriers of (n = 32). A total of 178 EBV isolates were studied. For differential detection of EBV-1/EBV-2, we used an optimized one-round PCR variant with electrophoretic detection of amplification products in agarose gel. Nucleotide sequences of the <italic>LMP-1</italic>gene C-terminal fragment were determined by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics data analysis was performed using MEGA X software. As a result, during EBV-infectious mononucleosis, only the EBV-1 type was detected in all children, among healthy virus carriers EBV-1 (93.8±4.3%) and EBV-2 (6.2±4.3%). Based on the EBV classification according to R.H. Edwards et al. the strain affiliation of EBV isolates was determined. A total of five variants of <italic>LMP-1</italic> were identified, namely <italic>B95-8, China 1, Med–, NC</italic> and <italic>Alaskan</italic>, among which <italic>B95-8</italic> dominated. The <italic>LMP-1</italic> <italic>Med+, China 2</italic>, and <italic>China 3</italic> variants were not found in any of the studied samples. It has been shown that the region of tandem repeats makes a significant contribution to the genetic diversity of the EBV population. A total of 100 amino acid substitutions were identified, of which the most common in the Nizhny Novgorod region EBV isolates are G212S, S366T, E328Q and S309N. A comparative analysis showed that strains, deletions, repeats, amino acid substitutions in EBV isolates from biological samples in children with infectious mononucleosis had common characteristics with a group of healthy virus carriers. In the active form of EBV infection, the appearance of structurally heterogeneous EBV sequences isolated from blood leukocytes and saliva from a single source was noted. Thus, for the first time, the molecular genetic diversity of EBV in children with various forms of EBV infection was assessed, which is the basis for the prospective development of clinical and epidemiological studies of EBV infection at a new methodological level.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Многочисленные зарубежные исследования свидетельствуют о выраженной гетерогенности популяциивируса Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ), циркулирующего во всем мире. Предложены разные классификации ВЭБ. Внимание российских исследователей сконцентрировалось на изучении структурно-функционального полиморфизма онкогена <italic>LMP-1</italic> ВЭБ в контексте онкологических заболеваний у взрослых лиц. Целью работы явилась оценка молекулярно-генетического разнообразия ВЭБ у детей с ВЭБ-инфекцией в Нижегородском регионе. Материалом исследования послужили лейкоциты крови и слюна детей в возрасте 1–17 лет с ВЭБ-инфекционным мононуклеозом (n = 69) и здоровых вирусоносителей сопоставимого пола и возраста (n = 32). Всего исследовано 178 изолятов ВЭБ. Для дифференциальной детекции ВЭБ-1/ВЭБ-2 в работе применялся оптимизированный однораундовый вариант ПЦР с электрофоретической детекцией продуктов амплификации в агарозном геле. Определение нуклеотидных последовательностей С-концевого фрагмента гена <italic>LMP-1</italic> выполнено методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру. Биоинформационный анализ данных проводили с помощью программного обеспечения MEGA X. В результате при ВЭБ-инфекционном мононуклеозе у всех детей был выявлен только тип ВЭБ-1, среди здоровых вирусоносителей ВЭБ-1 (93,8±4,3%) и ВЭБ-2 (6,2±4,3%). На основе классификации ВЭБ по R.H. Edwards и соавт. определена штаммовая принадлежность изолятов ВЭБ. Всего выявлено пять вариантов <italic>LMP-1</italic>, а именно <italic>В95-8, China 1, Med–, NC</italic> и <italic>Alaskan</italic>, среди которых доминировал <italic>В95-8</italic>. Варианты <italic>LMP-1</italic> <italic>Med+, China 2</italic> и <italic>China 3</italic> не были обнаружены ни в одном из исследованных образцов. Показано, что область тандемных повторов вносит существенный вклад в генетическое разнообразие популяции ВЭБ. Суммарно выявлено 100 аминокислотных замен, из которых наиболее распространенными в нижегородских изолятах ВЭБ являются G212S, S366T, E328Q и S309N. Сравнительный анализ показал, что штаммы, делеции, повторы, аминокислотные замены в изолятах ВЭБ из биологических образцов у детей с инфекционным мононуклеозом имели общие характеристики с группой здоровых вирусоносителей. При активной форме ВЭБ-инфекции отмечено появление гетерогенных по структуре последовательностей ВЭБ, выделенных из лейкоцитов крови и слюны от одного источника. Таким образом, впервые проведена оценка молекулярно-генетического разнообразия ВЭБ у детей при разных формах ВЭБ-инфекции, что является основой для перспективного развития клинических и эпидемиологических исследований ВЭБ-инфекции на новом методическом уровне.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EBV diversity</kwd><kwd>EBV-1</kwd><kwd>EBV-2</kwd><kwd>LMP-1</kwd><kwd>strains</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>infectious mononucleosis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>разнообразие ВЭБ</kwd><kwd>ВЭБ-1</kwd><kwd>ВЭБ-2</kwd><kwd>LMP-1</kwd><kwd>штаммы</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>инфекционный мононуклеоз</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Гончарова Е.В., Сенюта Н.Б., Смирнова К.В., Щербак Л.Н., Гурцевич В.Э. 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