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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-DPP-2004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Disseminated purulent peritonitis outcome affects NKT cell phenotype</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности фенотипа NKT-клеток в зависимости от исхода распространенного гнойного перитонита</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>Андрей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular-Molecular Physiology and Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией клеточно-молекулярной физиологии и патологии</p></bio><email>aasavchenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>Alexandr G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>Александр Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular-Molecular Physiology and Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточно-молекулярной физиологии и патологии</p></bio><email>2410454@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Cell Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology; Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией клеточной иммунологии отдела иммунологии; доцент кафедры иммунологии </p></bio><email>igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belenjuk</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беленюк</surname><given-names>Василий Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular-Molecular Physiology and Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточно-молекулярной физиологии и патологии</p></bio><email>dyh.88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Федеральный исследовательский центр «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», обособленное подразделение «НИИ медицинских проблем Севера»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1040</fpage><lpage>1050</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-22"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-08-23"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Savchenko A.A., Borisov A.G., Kudryavtsev I.V., Belenjuk V.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Savchenko А.А., Борисов А.Г., Кудрявцев И.В., Беленюк В.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savchenko A.A., Borisov A.G., Kudryavtsev I.V., Belenjuk V.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Savchenko А.А., Борисов А.Г., Кудрявцев И.В., Беленюк В.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2004">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/2004</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of our study was to investigate the main characteristics of peripheral blood NKT cell phenotype in patients with disseminated purulent peritonitis (DPP) in dynamics of postoperative period, depending on the disease outcome. Fifty-two patients with acute surgical diseases and injuries of the abdominal organs complicated by DPP, and 68 healthy individuals in control group, were examined. Blood sampling was performed before surgery (preoperative period), as well as on the day 7, 14 and 21 of postoperative period. All patients with DPP were divided into two groups depending on disease outcome in postoperative period: patients with favorable disease outcome (n = 34); and patients with unfavorable outcome (n = 18). Study of the phenotype of blood NKT lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry using direct immunofluorescence of whole peripheral blood samples with monoclonal antibodies. The low relative and absolute level of NKT cells was observed in DPP patients regardless of outcome disease in preoperative period. At the same time, the absolute level of NKT cells returned to normal only in patients with favorable DPP outcome and only by day 21 after surgery. Patients with favorable DPP outcome by the end of examination period had normalized quantity of mature NKT-lymphocytes and significantly decreased level of cytotoxic cells which was apparently associated with migration of such cell subsets to site of inflammation. A reduced level of non-classical (expressing CD8 marker) mature and cytokine-producing NKT cells was detected only in patients with favorable DPP outcome in preoperative period which returned to normal by the end of postoperative period. At the same time, patients with unfavorable disease outcome had reduced quantity of NKT cells of these subsets by day 21 of postoperative treatment. Patients with favorable outcome had high level of mature and cytotoxic CD11b<sup>+</sup> NKT cells already in the preoperative period, while patients with unfavorable DPP outcome had increased level of cytotoxic CD11b<sup>+</sup> NKT cells only by day 21 after surgery. The proportion of NKT cells expressing activation markers (CD28 and CD57) was reduced in patients in preoperative period that returned to normal immediately after surgery with favorable outcome, while it recovered with unfavorable outcome closer to the end of postoperative examination. The defined features of NKT cell phenotype in patients with unfavorable DPP outcome characterize disturbances in subset ratio and mechanisms of functioning of this cell fraction. This determines a need to develop immunotherapeutic methods aimed at stimulating immunoregulatory activity of NKT cells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью исследования было изучение особенностей фенотипа NKT-клеток у больных распространенным гнойным перитонитом (РГП) в динамике послеоперационного периода в зависимости от исхода заболевания. Обследовано 52 пациента с острыми хирургическими заболеваниями и травмами органов брюшной полости, осложнившимися РГП, и 68 здоровых людей в качестве лиц контрольной группы. Забор крови у больных производили перед операцией (дооперационный период), а также на 7-е, 14-е и 21-е сутки послеоперационного периода. В зависимости от исхода заболевания в послеоперационном периоде, все больные РГП были разделены на две группы: больные с благоприятным исходом заболевания (n = 34), пациенты с неблагоприятным исходом (n = 18). Исследование фенотипа NKT-лимфоцитов крови проводили методом проточной цитометрии с использованием прямой иммунофлуоресценции цельной периферической крови с моноклональными антителами. У обследованных пациентов с РГП независимо от исхода заболевания в дооперационном периоде понижено относительное и абсолютное содержание NKT-клеток, причем в обеих группах больных процентное количество клеток восстанавливается сразу после операции. В то же время абсолютный уровень NKT-клеток нормализуется только у больных с благоприятным исходом РГП и только к 21-м суткам после операции. К концу периода обследования у больных с благоприятным исходом РГП в периферической крови нормализуется содержание зрелых NKT-лимфоцитов и значительно снижается количество цитотоксических клеток, что, по-видимому, определяется их миграцией в зону воспаления. Только у больных с благоприятным исходом РГП пониженный уровень неклассических (экспрессирующих CD8-маркер) зрелых и цитокин-продуцирующих NKT-клеток в дооперационном периоде нормализуется до контрольных значений к концу периода послеоперационного обследования. В то же время у пациентов с неблагоприятным исходом заболевания содержание данных субпопуляций NKT-клеток к 21-м суткам послеоперационного лечения понижено. У больных с благоприятным исходом заболевания выявляется высокий уровень зрелых и цитотоксических CD11b<sup>+</sup>NKT-клеток уже в дооперационном периоде, тогда как при неблагоприятном исходе РГП повышенное содержание цитотоксических CD11b<sup>+</sup>NKT-клеток обнаружено только к 21-м суткам после операции. Содержание NKT-клеток с экспрессией активационных маркеров (CD28 и CD57), сниженное у больных в дооперационном периоде, при благоприятном исходе нормализуется сразу после операции, тогда как при неблагоприятном исходе — ближе к концу послеоперационного обследования. Установленные особенности фенотипа NKT-клеток у больных с неблагоприятным исходом РГП характеризуют нарушения в соотношении субпопуляционного состава и механизмах функционирования данной фракции клеток, что определяет необходимость разработки иммунотерапевтических методов, направленных на стимуляцию иммунорегуляторной активности NKT-клеток.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peritonitis</kwd><kwd>NKT cells</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>disease outcome</kwd><kwd>postoperative period</kwd><kwd>CD3–CD56+</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перитонит</kwd><kwd>NKT-клетки</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>исход заболевания</kwd><kwd>послеоперационный период</kwd><kwd>CD3–CD56+</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Акинфиева О.В., Бубнова Л.Н., Бессмельцев С.С. 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