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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1986</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-TIO-1986</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic> micromycetes on immune response regulation in patients with asthma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние микроскопических грибов <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic> на регуляцию иммунного ответа больных бронхиальной астмой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-2438</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5842-6039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>Yana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Яна Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>kozlova510@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Research Laboratory of Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. НИЛ иммунологии и аллергологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>labimmune@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Cell Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology; Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией клеточной иммунологии отдела иммунологии; доцент кафедры иммунологии </p></bio><email>igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Uchevatkina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Учеваткина</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory of Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник НИЛ иммунологии и аллергологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>a.uchevatkina@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory of Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник НИЛ иммунологии и аллергологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>larisa.filippova@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aak</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аак</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), Leading Researcher, Research Laboratory of Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., ведущий научный сотрудник НИЛ иммунологии и аллергологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>oleg.aak@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taraskina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тараскина</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Research Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Microbiology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. НИЛ молекулярно-генетической микробиологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>anastasiya.taraskina@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobolev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>sobolev757@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Director, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, директор НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>mycobiota@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>n_klimko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1069</fpage><lpage>1080</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-08-18"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Kozlova Y.I., Frolova E.V., Kudryavtsev I.V., Uchevatkina A.E., Filippova L.V., Aak O.V., Taraskina A.E., Sobolev A.V., Vasilyeva N.V., Klimko N.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Козлова Я.И., Фролова Е.В., Кудрявцев И.В., Учеваткина А.Е., Филиппова Л.В., Аак О.В., Тараскина А.Е., Соболев А.В., Васильева Н.В., Климко Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlova Y.I., Frolova E.V., Kudryavtsev I.V., Uchevatkina A.E., Filippova L.V., Aak O.V., Taraskina A.E., Sobolev A.V., Vasilyeva N.V., Klimko N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлова Я.И., Фролова Е.В., Кудрявцев И.В., Учеваткина А.Е., Филиппова Л.В., Аак О.В., Тараскина А.Е., Соболев А.В., Васильева Н.В., Климко Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1986">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1986</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction.</italic> <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic> is able not only to sensitize patients with atopy, but also to colonize the respiratory tract, remaining a constant source of allergens due to the small spore size and thermal tolerance. Currently, the role of micromycetes in the immunopathogenesis of asthma has been poorly studied. The objective was to evaluate the features of the immune response regulation in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) or asthma with sensitization to <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>. <italic>Materials and methods.</italic> There were enrolled 15 patients with ABPA, 10 patients with asthma with sensitization to <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>, 16 patients with asthma without sensitization to <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>. The control group consisted of 16 apparently healthy volunteers. All patients underwent a clinical and functional examination. The subpopulations of blood lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. The <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> allergen was added to peripheral blood samples to evaluate the production of IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-13. The serum cytokine levels in cell culture supernatants, as well as total IgE, <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>-specific IgE (sIgE) as well as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. <italic>Results.</italic> Significantly higher serum levels of total IgE, <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>-specific sIgE and TARC were found in patients with ABPA and asthma with sensitization to <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> compared to patients with asthma without sensitization to <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>. The results of lymphocyte immunophenotyping revealed significant excess of memory Th2 cells and T-regulatory cells in all patients with asthma compared to the control group. The count of Tfh2 was higher but memory Th17.1 cells were lower in patients with sensitization to <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> compared to those of apparently healthy volunteers. Patients with ABPA had significantly higher count of memory Th2 cells and TARC level compared to patients with asthma sensitized to <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>. The increased activity of memory Th2 cells is confirmed by increased secretion of IL-13 and IL-10 following along with decreased IFNγ production in response to specific fungal allergen stimulation of blood cells compared to the patients with asthma and the control group. A positive correlation was revealed between the count of memory Th2 cells and the levels of sIgE, IgE, TARC, a negative correlation — with FEV1. <italic>Conclusion.</italic> Thus, exposure to <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> significantly enhances the activity of memory Th2 cells in patients with asthma which can lead to severe disease course and development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. The features of the immune response identified dictate a need for a personalized approach to choose therapeutic tactics in such patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Введение.</italic> Благодаря мелким размерам спор и термотолерантности, <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic>, способны не только сенсибилизировать больных с атопией, но и колонизировать дыхательные пути, оставаясь постоянным источником аллергенов. В настоящее время роль микроскопических плесневых грибов в иммунопатогенезе бронхиальной астмы изучена недостаточно. Цель: оценить особенности регуляции иммунного ответа больных аллергическим бронхолегочным аспергиллезом (АБЛА) и бронхиальной астмой (БА) с сенсибилизацией к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>. <italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> В исследование включили 15 больных АБЛА, 10 больных БА с сенсибилизацией к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>, 16 больных БА без сенсибилизации к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>. Группу контроля составили 16 условно здоровых добровольцев. Всем больным проводили клинико-функциональное обследование. Субпопуляционный состав лимфоцитов крови определяли методом проточной цитометрии. Для оценки продукции IFNγ, IL-10 и IL-13 к образцам периферической крови добавляли аллерген <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>. Иммуноферментным методом определяли содержание цитокинов в супернатантах клеточных культур, а также уровни общего IgE, специфических IgE (sIgE) к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>, тимус-ассоциированного регуляторного хемокина (TARC) в сыворотке крови. <italic>Результаты.</italic> У больных АБЛА и БА с сенсибилизацией к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> по сравнению с больными БА без сенсибилизации к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> установлены значимо более высокие уровни общего IgE, sIgE к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> и TARC в сыворотке крови. Анализ результатов иммунофенотипирования лимфоцитов выявил у всех больных БА значимое превышение показателей Th2 клеток памяти и Т-регуляторных клеток по сравнению с группой контроля. У больных с сенсибилизацией к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> количество Tfh2 было выше, а Th17.1 клеток памяти ниже по сравнению с показателями условно здоровых добровольцев. У больных АБЛА установлены значимо более высокое количество Th2 клеток памяти и содержание TARC по сравнению с больными БА с сенсибилизацией к <italic>A. fumigatus</italic>. Усиление активности Th2 клеток памяти подтверждает повышенная секреция IL-13 и IL-10 на фоне снижения выработки IFNγ в ответ на специфическую стимуляцию клеток крови аллергеном гриба по сравнению с больными БА и группой контроля. Выявлена положительная корреляционная связь между количеством Тh2 клеток памяти и уровнями sIgE, IgE, TARC и отрицательная с ОФВ1. <italic>Заключение.</italic> Таким образом, контакт с <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> существенно усиливает активность Th2 клеток памяти у больных БА, что может приводить к тяжелому течению заболевания и формированию аллергического бронхолегочного аспергиллеза. Установленные особенности иммунного ответа диктуют необходимость персонифицированного подхода к выбору терапевтической тактики у данной категории больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis</kwd><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>memory T-helper cells</kwd><kwd>chemokines</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus fumigatus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергический бронхолегочный аспергиллез</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>Т-хелперы клетки памяти</kwd><kwd>хемокины</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus fumigatus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Барковская М.Ш., Блинова Е.А., Гришина Л.В., Леонова М.И., Непомнящих В.М., Демина Д.В., Козлов В.А. Содержание CD4+ и CD8+ эффекторных клеток памяти и пролиферативная активность Т-лимфоцитов при бронхиальной астме // Медицинская иммунология. 2019. T. 21, № 3. 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