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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18189</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-ACA-18189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A comparative analysis of HB markers and profiles between HIV-infected patients and healthy adults in Southern Vietnam</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ маркеров и профилей гепатита В у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов и здоровых лиц в Южном Вьетнаме</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9199-6103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Huynh</surname><given-names>Hoang Khanh Thu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хюинь</surname><given-names>Хоанг Кхань Тху</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc (Genetics), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр наук (генетика), старший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов ВИЧ и гепатитов</p></bio><email>thuhhk@pasteurhcm.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Immunology and Virology HIV-Infection; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Schemelev</surname><given-names>Alexandr N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>tvildorm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-3945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikova</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серикова</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>genista.bio@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>Владимир Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection, PhD Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции, аспирант</p></bio><email>vladimir_david@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-878X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tran</surname><given-names>Ton</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чан</surname><given-names>Тон</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Head of Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицины, PhD, старший научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией вирусов ВИЧ и гепатитов</p></bio><email>tont@pasteurhcm.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6454-1100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Truong</surname><given-names>Thi Xuan Lien</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чыонг</surname><given-names>Тхи Суан Льен</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, доцент, фармацевтический факультет</p></bio><email>lien.ttx@vlu.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег Артемович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии, директор</p></bio><email>totolian@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ho Chi Minh Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт Пастера в Хошимине</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Van Lang University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Ван Ланг</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>362</fpage><lpage>372</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-01"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Huynh H., Ostankova Y.V., Schemelev A.N., Serikova E.N., Davydenko V.S., Tran T., Truong T., Totolian A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Хюинь Х., Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Серикова Е.Н., Давыденко В.С., Чан Т., Чыонг Т., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Huynh H., Ostankova Y.V., Schemelev A.N., Serikova E.N., Davydenko V.S., Tran T., Truong T., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хюинь Х., Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Серикова Е.Н., Давыденко В.С., Чан Т., Чыонг Т., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18189">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18189</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Southern Vietnam is hyperendemic for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, yet comparative data on the full spectrum of HB serological and molecular profiles — including susceptibility and occult infection — between HIV-infected and healthy adults in this setting remain limited. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate and compare the serological and molecular markers and profiles of Hepatitis B virus infection between HIV-infected patients and apparently healthy adults in Southern Vietnam. <bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 713 participants (316 HIV-infected and 397 healthy adults). Blood plasma samples were screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, and anti-HBc IgG markers. HBV DNA testing was performed using a high-sensitivity in-house PCR. Multivariable logistic regression and interaction analyses were employed for comparative analysis. <bold>Results. </bold>HBsAg prevalence was comparably high in both the healthy (17.6%) and HIV-infected (16.1%) cohorts, reflecting early-life exposure. However, the HIV cohort exhibited a significantly higher rate of seronegativity for all markers (43.0% vs 16.1%; p &lt; 0.001). The burden of OBI was two-fold higher in the HIV group (17.1%) compared to healthy controls (9.3%; aOR = 2.00). Notably, 6.65% of seronegative HIV patients (“triple-negative”) tested positive for HBV DNA, a prevalence 13-fold higher than in controls (0.50%). Age-trend analysis revealed that while healthy adults accumulated immunity with age, HIV-infected individuals exhibited “immune erasure” and seroreversion, leading to the loss of protective antibodies and increased risk of occult infection in older age. <bold>Conclusion.</bold> Our study documents important differences in HBV serological and molecular profiles between HIV-infected patients and healthy adults in a hyper-endemic setting. Our cross-sectional data are consistent with HIV-associated perturbation of humoral immunity, manifested by higher rates of seronegativity. The detection of triple-negative occult HBV infection highlights a limitation of serology-only screening. In endemic settings, clinicians and public health programs should therefore consider risk-stratified approaches that incorporate molecular testing, particularly for high-risk subgroups where universal screening is not feasible.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Южный Вьетнам является гиперэндемичным регионом по инфекции, вызываемой вирусом гепатита В (ВГВ), однако сравнительные данные о полном спектре серологических и молекулярных профилей гепатита В (ГВ), включая восприимчивость к инфекции и скрытый гепатит, среди ВИЧ-инфицированных и здоровых взрослых в этом регионе остаются ограниченными. Целью данного исследования было оценить и сравнить серологические и молекулярные маркеры и профили инфекции, вызванной ВГВ, у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов и условно здоровых взрослых в Южном Вьетнаме. <bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Было проведено сравнительное поперечное исследование с участием 713 человек (316 ВИЧ-инфицированных и 397 здоровых лиц). Образцы плазмы крови были исследованы на наличие HBsAg, анти-HBs IgG и анти-HBc IgG. Тестирование на ДНК ВГВ проводили с использованием высокочувствительного метода ПЦР. Для сравнительного анализа использовали многофакторную логистическую регрессию и анализ взаимодействия возрастных трендов с ВИЧ-статусом. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Распространенность HBsAg была сопоставимо высокой как в когорте здоровых (17,6%), так и ВИЧ-инфицированных (16,1%) лиц, что, вероятно, может отражать фоновое инфицирование в раннем возрасте. Однако в ВИЧ-когорте наблюдалась значительно более высокая частота серонегативности по всем маркерам ГВ (43,0% против 16,1%; p &lt; 0,001). Бремя скрытого ГВ в группе ВИЧ-инфицированных было в 2 раза выше (17,1%) по сравнению с контрольной группой (9,3%; aOR = 2,00). Примечательно, что 6,65% серонегативных пациентов с ВИЧ («трижды негативных») дали положительный результат на ДНК ВГВ, что в 13 раз превышает показатель в контрольной группе (0,5%). Анализ возрастных тенденций показал, что у здоровых взрослых с возрастом увеличивалась доля лиц с защитным иммунитетом, тогда как у ВИЧ-инфицированных наблюдались «стирание иммунитета» и серореверсия, приводящие к утрате защитных антител и повышению риска HBsAg-негативной инфекции в старших возрастных группах. <bold>Заключение.</bold> Наше исследование выявляет важные различия в серологических и молекулярных профилях ГВ между ВИЧ-инфицированными пациентами и здоровыми взрослыми в условиях гиперэндемичного региона. Полученные результаты согласуются с данными о нарушении гуморального иммунитета у ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц, что проявляется в более высоких показателях серонегативности. Выявление случаев трижды негативного скрытого ГВ подчеркивает ограниченность скрининга, основанного только на серологических маркерах. В эндемичных регионах клиницистам и специалистам в области общественного здравоохранения следует рассмотреть возможность применения стратифицированного по риску подхода, включающего молекулярное тестирование, особенно для подгрупп высокого риска, когда универсальный скрининг невозможен.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HBV</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>occult hepatitis B infection</kwd><kwd>triple-negative serological profile</kwd><kwd>immune erasure</kwd><kwd>Vietnam</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВГВ</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>скрытый гепатит В</kwd><kwd>тройной негативный серологический профиль</kwd><kwd>иммунное стирание</kwd><kwd>Вьетнам</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бумбали С., Балде T.Л., Семенов А.В., Останкова Ю.В., Серикова Е.Н., Найденова Е.В., Валутите Д.Э., Щемелев А.Н., Зуева Е.Б., Эсауленко Е.В., Тотолян А.А. 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