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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1818</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-QAQ-1818</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Quantitative and qualitative composition of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations in patients with varying severity of a new coronavirus infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Количественный и качественный состав популяций и субпопуляций лимфоцитов у перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию разной степени тяжести</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-4071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Inna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Инна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher with Acting Head of the Immunology Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник с врио зав. лабораторией иммунологии</p></bio><email>inna_ivanova_1968@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-5994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trufanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Труфанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии</p></bio><email>Nastyasia61@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-4244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии</p></bio><email>filippenko.annushka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-7724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelchenko</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельченко</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher Laboratory of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии</p></bio><email>plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-2221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Noskov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носков</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор</p></bio><email>plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-2878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemisova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемисова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acting Head of the Laboratory “Сollection of Pathogenic Microorganisms”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ио зав. лабораторией «Коллекция патогенных микроорганизмов»</p></bio><email>plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Institute of Rospotrebnadzor</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФКУЗ Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>505</fpage><lpage>510</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-09"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-13"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Ivanova I.A., Trufanova A.A., Filippenko A.V., Omelchenko N.D., Noskov A.K., Chemisova O.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Иванова И.А., Труфанова А.А., Филиппенко А.В., Омельченко Н.Д., Носков А.К., Чемисова О.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova I.A., Trufanova A.A., Filippenko A.V., Omelchenko N.D., Noskov A.K., Chemisova O.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова И.А., Труфанова А.А., Филиппенко А.В., Омельченко Н.Д., Носков А.К., Чемисова О.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1818">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1818</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>SARS-CoV-2 can cause a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and their functional activity. In patients with COVID-19, especially with a severe course of the disease, a decrease in the quantitative composition of the main populations of lymphocytes is recorded. These indicators do not recover for a long time after recovery. However, it is still not known how long the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of lymphocytes will last and whether the severity of the infection affects this process. The aim of our study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative composition of the main populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients with a new coronavirus infection of varying severity. 65 patients with a new coronavirus infection were examined. The average age of the subjects was 47.3±14.5 years. The volunteers were divided into three groups according to the severity of the infection: asymptomatic (n = 21); moderate (n = 32); severe (n = 12). The relative and absolute number of T-lymphocytes (CD3<sup>+</sup>), T-helper cells (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>), cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>), natural killers (CD3<sup>–</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>), TNK-lymphocytes (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>–</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>) and B-lymphocytes (CD45<sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>) were determined. To calculate the percentage of lymphocytes, whole blood was lysed with OPTILYSE C solution (Beckman Coulter, USA) and stained with monoclonal antibodies CD3<sup>+</sup>-FITC/CD8<sup>+</sup>-ECD/CD4<sup>+</sup>-PC5/CD16<sup>+</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>PE and CD45<sup>+</sup>-Pacific Blue/CD19<sup>+</sup>-PC5 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Cytofluorometry was performed on a flow cytofluorometer “Navios™” (Beckman Coulter, USA). The results of our studies showed that there were no statistically significant changes in the relative and absolute number of immunocompetent cells in asymptomatic patients with a new coronavirus infection, compared with the control group. With an average severity of the disease, a decrease in the relative and absolute content of CD3<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes was revealed, these indicators were restored to control values six months after recovery. In patients with severe infection, there was a decrease in the relative and absolute number of T cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes. These values remained significantly below normal for six months and returned to normal only seven to eight months after recovery. Also, the volunteers of this group were found to have a decrease in the number of natural killers and TNK cells. Thus, the data obtained by us indicate that pathological changes concerning the relative and absolute number of the main populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19 depend on the severity of the disease. The number of T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer cells, that is, populations of cells that play a crucial role in effective antiviral protection, has been reduced in those who have undergone a new coronavirus infection in moderate and severe form. This information can be useful for expanding methodological approaches to the diagnosis, treatment of a new coronavirus infection, as well as measures for the rehabilitation of those who have suffered it.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>SARS-CoV-2 может вызывать снижение количества лимфоцитов и их функциональной активности. У пациентов с COVID-19, особенно с тяжелым течением заболевания, регистрируют уменьшение количественного состава основных популяций лимфоцитов. Эти показатели не восстанавливаются длительное время после выздоровления. Однако до сих пор неизвестно, как долго продлятся количественные и качественные изменения в составе лимфоцитов, и влияет ли на этот процесс тяжесть перенесенной инфекции. Целью нашего исследования являлась оценка количественного и качественного состава основных популяций и субпопуляций лимфоцитов у перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию разной степени тяжести. Было обследовано 65 переболевших новой коронавирусной инфекцией. Средний возраст обследуемых составил 47,3±14,5 года. Волонтеров распределили на три группы по степени тяжести перенесенной инфекции: бессимптомно (n = 21); средней степени тяжести (n = 32); в тяжелой форме (n = 12). Определяли относительное и абсолютное число T-лимфоцитов (CD3<sup>+</sup>), T-хелперов (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>), цитотоксических лимфоцитов (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>), натуральных киллеров (CD3<sup>–</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>), TNK-лимфоцитов (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>–</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>) и В-лимфоцитов (CD45<sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>). Для подсчета процентного содержания лимфоцитов цельную кровь лизировали раствором OPTILYSE С (Beckman Coulter, США) и окрашивали моноклональными антителами CD3<sup>+</sup>-FITC/CD8<sup>+</sup>-ECD/CD4<sup>+</sup>-PC5/CD16<sup>+</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>PЕ и CD45<sup>+</sup>-Pacific Blue/CD19<sup>+</sup>-PC5 (Beckman Coulter, США). Цитофлюорометрию осуществляли на проточном цитофлюориметре «Naviоs™» (Beckman Coulter, США). Результаты наших исследований показали, что у бессимптомно переболевших новой коронавирусной инфекцией статистически значимых изменений относительного и абсолютного количества иммунокомпетентных клеток, по сравнению с контрольной группой, зарегистрировано не было. При средней степени тяжести заболевания выявлено снижение относительного и абсолютного содержания CD3<sup>+</sup>- и CD8<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов, эти показатели восстанавливались до контрольных значений через полгода после выздоровления. У пациентов с тяжелой формой перенесенной инфекции наблюдалось уменьшение относительного и абсолютного количества Т-клеток и цитотоксических лимфоцитов. Эти значения оставались значительно ниже нормы в течение полугода и нормализовались только через 7–8 месяцев после выздоровления. Также у волонтеров этой группы было обнаружено уменьшение числа натуральных киллеров и ТNK-клеток. Таким образом, полученные нами данные свидетельствуют о том, что патологические изменения, касающиеся относительного и абсолютного количества основных популяций и субпопуляций лимфоцитов у переболевших COVID-19, зависят от тяжести перенесенного заболевания. У перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию в средней и тяжелой форме снижено число Т-лимфоцитов, цитотоксических лимфоцитов, натуральных киллеров, то есть популяций клеток, играющих решающую роль в эффективной противовирусной защите. Эти сведения могут быть полезны для расширения методических подходов к диагностике, лечению новой коронавирусной инфекции, а также мер по реабилитации перенесших ее лиц.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>T-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>cytotoxic lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>natural killers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>популяции и субпопуляции лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>цитотоксические лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>натуральные киллеры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chen Z., Wherry E.J. T cell responses in patients with COVID-19. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2020, vol. 20, pp. 529–536. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0402-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Diao B., Wang C., Tan Y., Chen X., Liu Y., Ning L., Chen L., Li M., Liu Y., Wang G. 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