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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18151</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-AAG-18151</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ANTI-ALPHA-GAL ANTIBODIES TO PREDICT NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>АНТИТЕЛА К АНТИГЕНУ ΑGAL КАК ПРЕДИКТОРЫ НОЗОКОМИАЛЬНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-9846</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7006540472</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">E-1373-201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisarev</surname><given-names>Vladimir Mitrifanovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарев</surname><given-names>Владимир Митрофанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,PhD,DSci, professor, Head, laboratory of molecular mechanisms of critical illness, V.A.Negovsky Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярных механизмов критических состояний НИИ общей реаниматологии имени В.А.Неговского ФНКЦ РР</p></bio><email>vpisarev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-0273</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57220121246</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAB-5359-2020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarlycheva</surname><given-names>Anastasiia Aleksandrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарлычева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Scientist, laboratory of molecular mechanisms of critical illness, V.A.Negovsky Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярных механизмов критических состояний НИИ общей реаниматологии имени В.А.Неговского ФНКЦ РР</p></bio><email>atarlycheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4272-0957</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57191543337</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-1259-2015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Marina Vladimirovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific and Clinical Activities</p>
<p>Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Medical Institute, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, Заместитель директора по научно-клинической деятельности</p>
<p>Заведующая кафедрой анестезиологии и реаниматологии Медицинского института Российского университета дружбы народов</p></bio><email>mail@petrovamv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-4477</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7103341757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bovin</surname><given-names>Nikolai Vladimirovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бовин</surname><given-names>Николай Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Science. Head of department (Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids), Head of Laboratory (Laboratory of Carbohydrates), Principal research fellow (Laboratory of Carbohydrates)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Профессор, Доктор наук. Заведующий отделом (Отдел химической биологии гликанов и липидов), Заведующий лабораторией (Лаборатория углеводов), Главный научный сотрудник (Лаборатория углеводов)</p></bio><email>professorbovin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-673X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">22958543500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obuhova</surname><given-names>Polina Sergeevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухова</surname><given-names>Полина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophy. Research fellow (Laboratory of Carbohydrates)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат наук. Научный сотрудник (Лаборатория углеводов)</p></bio><email>anruma@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-071X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">36841134200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda Vladimirovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилова</surname><given-names>Надежда Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophy. Senior research fellow (Laboratory of Carbohydrates), Associate Professor (Department of Postgraduate Studies)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат наук. Старший научный сотрудник (Лаборатория углеводов), Доцент (Отдел «Аспирантура»)</p></bio><email>pumatnv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Ministry of Education and Science, Russian Federation, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии (ФНКЦ РР) Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, Россия, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federation, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии (ЦНИИЭ) Роспотребнадзора, Россия, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">People’s Friendship University, Russian Federation, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Университет Дружбы Народов (РУДН), Россия, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science State Scientific Center Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after Academicians M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина им. Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук (ГНЦ ИБХ РАН), Россия, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of obstetrics, gynecology and perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov, Russian Federation, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава Российской Федерации, Россия, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-07"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Pisarev V.M., Tarlycheva A.A., Petrova M.V., Bovin N.V., Obuhova P.S., Shilova N.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Писарев В.М., Тарлычева А.А., Петрова М.В., Бовин Н.В., Обухова П.С., Шилова Н.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pisarev V.M., Tarlycheva A.A., Petrova M.V., Bovin N.V., Obuhova P.S., Shilova N.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Писарев В.М., Тарлычева А.А., Петрова М.В., Бовин Н.В., Обухова П.С., Шилова Н.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18151">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18151</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Unlike most other mammals, humans have lost the ability to express alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) due to mutations in the GGTA1 gene thereby underlying inability of human cells to synthesize Gala1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc-terminated glycans (aGal), also present in bacterial and viral glycopolymers. The latter are not only highly immunogenic to humans, but also cause an immediate immune response due to pre-existing antibodies to them resulting in local complement hyperactivation followed by an immunoadjuvant effect. Such properties of antibodies against aGal are manifested in hyperacute rejection reactions during xenotransplantation, and are also used to increase the immunogenicity of vaccines against tumors and to develop methods for regenerating nervous system cells. The presence of pre-existing anti-aGal antibodies in human body is commonly associated with protection against bacterial and viral infectious diseases. However, in addition to mediating immune responses, these antibodies have been shown to block activation of the alternative complement pathway, reducing blood bactericidal activity and contributing to development of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. It is known that blocking activity of anti-aGal antibodies increases blood bactericidal activity against some Gram-negative bacteria. We assumed that this pattern of anti-aGal antibodies could be used for prognostic purposes. <italic>Materials</italic><italic> and methods</italic>. In a pilot study with patients showing sequelae of severe brain damage (n=70) without clinical signs of pneumonia, plasma samples collected on the day of hospitalization were used to quantitate anti-aGal antibodies using 96-well plates covered with aGal antigen. <italic>Results</italic><italic> and discussion.</italic> The presence of high anti-aGal antibody levels in patients significantly predicted a high risk of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia. For the first time, the presented results demonstrate the high potential for quantification of anti-aGal antibodies for early stratification of patients at risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia in order to personalize treatment, and also warrant the feasibility of translational studies assessing aGal antibody blockade potential.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>У человека, в отличие от большинства других млекопитающих, в результате мутаций гена <italic>GGTA1 </italic>утрачена способность к экспрессии гена альфа-1,3-галактозилтрансферазы (α1,3GT). Это предопределило неспособность клеток человека синтезировать Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-терминированные гликаны (Gal), присутствующие также в составе бактериальных и вирусных гликополимеров. Последние не только высоко иммуногенны для человека, но и вызывают незамедлительную иммунную реакцию, благодаря предсуществующим антителам к ним и локальной активации комплемента с последующим иммуноадьювантным эффектом. Такие свойства антител против Gal проявляются в острых реакциях отторжения при ксенотрансплантации, а также используются для повышения иммуногенности вакцин против опухолей и при разработке способов регенерации клеток нервной системы. Наличие предсуществующих антител к Gal в организме человека нередко связывают с защитой от бактериальных и вирусных инфекционных заболеваний. Однако, помимо опосредования иммунных реакций, эти антитела способны блокировать активацию альтернативного пути комплемента, снижая бактерицидную активность крови и способствуя развитию антитело-зависимого усиления инфекции. Известно, что блокирование антител против αGal увеличивает бактерицидную активность крови против некоторых грам-отрицательных бактерий. Мы предположили, что такое свойство антител к αGal может быть использовано с прогностической целью. <italic>Материалы и методы</italic><bold>.</bold> В пилотном исследовании на пациентах c последствиями тяжелых повреждений головного мозга (n=70) без клинических признаков пневмонии в образцах плазмы, взятых в день госпитализации, определяли содержание антител против αGal, используя 96-луночные платы с сорбированным антигеном αGal. <italic>Результаты и обсуждение.</italic> Наличие у пациентов высокого уровня анти-αGal значимо прогнозировало высокий риск развития нозокомиальной (внутрибольничной) пневмонии. Полученные результаты впервые продемонстрировали высокий потенциал количественного определения антител против αGal для ранней стратификации пациентов по риску развития нозокомиальной пневмонии с целью персонализации лечения, а также обосновали целесообразность проведения трансляционных исследований по блокаде αGal антител.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alpha-Gal</kwd><kwd>anti-alpha-Gal-antibodies</kwd><kwd>hospital-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>biomarkers.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Gal антиген</kwd><kwd>Gal антитела</kwd><kwd>нозокомиальная пневмония</kwd><kwd>предикторы</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Galili U., Rachmilewitz E.A., Peleg A., Flechner I. A unique natural human IgG antibody with anti-alpha-galactosyl specificity. 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