<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18123</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-ECA-18123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEPATITIS C MICRO-ELIMINATION IN CHILDREN: EXPERIENCE OF TOMSK REGION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МИКРОЭЛИМИНАЦИЯ ГЕПАТИТА С У ДЕТЕЙ: ОПЫТ ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-9121</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5901-4190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolaeva</surname><given-names>Yuliya Alexandrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаева</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, member of IPO «EASID», «NASID», Chief Infection Specialist, Tomsk Region Health Department, Associate Professor of the of the Department of Pediatrics with Endocrinology course of the Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, член международной общественной организации «Евро-Азиатское Общество по инфекционным болезням» (ЕАОИБ), Национальной Ассоциации специалистов по инфекционным болезням имени академика В.И. Покровского (НАСИБ), главный внештатный специалист по инфекционным болезным Департамента здравоохранения Томской области, доцент кафедры педиатрии с курсом эндокринологии ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ Минздрава России</p></bio><email>euassmu@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный медицинский университет, Томск, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Ермолаева Ю.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Ермолаева Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ермолаева Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермолаева Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18123">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18123</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Viral hepatitis holds a leading place among infectious diseases. The morbidity rate of chronic hepatitis C (HСV) among children in the Russian Federation is 1.29 per 100,000 population [10]. Increasing access to antiviral therapy in childhood contributes to achieving the global health goal on HСV elimination.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Objective. </bold>To summarize the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features of chronic hepatitis C in children, and to evaluate the effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in the pediatric cohort of the Tomsk region.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included all children under 18 years of age diagnosed with chronic HCV and recorded in medical organizations of the Tomsk region. All children underwent standardized screening and were treated with DAAs according to the «Clinical guidelines for chronic viral hepatitis C in children (ID: 824)» [6]. <bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> HCV was first diagnosed in children aged 0 to 3 years in 94.4% of cases (n=34). The median disease duration was 5 [3;8] years; 4 children were diagnosed within one year. Alanine aminotransferase activity levels did not exceed age-specific reference values; in 4 patients, mild cytolytic activity within five age-specific reference values was observed. Minimal viral load was found in 55.6% of patients, while 25% subjects exhibited high viraemia. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between viremia level and disease duration (r=0.46, p&lt;0.05). HCV genotypes 1 and 3 were found at similar frequencies (48% and 44%, respectively). All patients treated with DAAs achieved undetectable HCV RNA levels and showed normalized ALT levels post-therapy, demonstrating sustained virological response.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Expanding access to treatment and use of DAAs in children enabled HCV micro-elimination in the pediatric population within two years.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вирусные гепатиты занимают ведущее место в структуре инфекционных заболеваний. Показатель заболеваемости. хроническим гепатитом C среди детей в РФ составляет 1,29 на 100 тыс. населения. Расширение доступа к противовирусной терапии в детском возрасте позволяет достигнуть мировой цели здравоохранения по элиминации хронического вирусного гепатита С. Цель исследования — обобщение эпидемиологических характеристик, особенностей естественного течения, исходов хронического вирусного гепатита С, оценка эффективности терапии препаратами прямого противовирусного действия у детей и подростов с хроническим вирусным гепатитом С на территории Томской области. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены все дети в возрасте до 18 лет с хроническим гепатитом C, состоявшие на диспансерном учете в медицинских организациях Томской области. Всем детям проведено стандартизованное обследование и лечение препаратами прямого противовирусного действия в соответствии с клиническими рекомендациями «Хронический вирусный гепатит С у детей. ID: 824». Результаты. Впервые диагноз «Хронический вирусный гепатит С» установлен у детей в возрасте от 0 до 3 лет – 94,4% детей (n=34). Средняя длительность заболевания составила 5 [3;8] лет, у 4 детей диагноз установлен в течение года. Уровень активности аланинаминотрансферазы не превышал пограничные значения возрастной нормы, у 4х пациентов отмечена низкая цитолитическая активность в пределах 5 возрастных норм. У 55,6% вирусная нагрузка была минимальная, у четверти пациентов диагностирован высокий уровень виремии. Корреляционный анализ выявил положительную зависимость между уровнем виремии и длительностью заболевания (r=0.46, p&lt;0,05). Генотип 1 и генотип 3 встречались практически с одинаковой частотой (48% и 44% соответственно). Все пациенты, получившие препараты прямого противовирусного действия показали не обнаруживаемый уровень РНК гепатита C и отсутствие лабораторного синдрома цитолиза после окончания терапии, достигнув устойчивого вирусологического ответа. Заключение. Расширение доступа к лечению и применению препаратов прямого противовирусного действия у детей позволило провести микроэлиминацию хронического гепатита C в детской популяции за 2 года.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>chronic hepatitis C</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>direct-acting antiviral treatment</kwd><kwd>Tomsk region.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>хронический гепатит С</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>терапия препаратами прямого противовирусного действия</kwd><kwd>Томская область.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Babik R. K., Sorokin D. V., Kireeva G. N., Kastian I. R., Ryzhkova A. I., Yarovaya I. V. The effectiveness of therapy with a pangenotypic antiviral the drug of chronic hepatitis C in children. Pediatric Bulletin of the South Ural. 2022;(1):32–39. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Babik R. K., Sorokin D. V., Kireeva G. N., Kastian I. R., Ryzhkova A. I., Yarovaya I. V. The effectiveness of therapy with a pangenotypic antiviral the drug of chronic hepatitis C in children. Pediatric Bulletin of the South Ural. 2022;(1):32–39. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>DOI: 10.34710/Chel.2022.10.65.005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Bokhonov M.S., L.E. Galitsina, I.G. Sitnikov, O.S. Gorbunova. Clinical features of chronic hepatitis C in children. Detskie Infektsii=Children's Infections. 2023; 22(2):23-27. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Bokhonov M.S., L.E. Galitsina, I.G. Sitnikov, O.S. Gorbunova. Clinical features of chronic hepatitis C in children. Detskie Infektsii=Children's Infections. 2023; 22(2):23-27. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2023-22-2-23-27</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Chilaka VN, Konje JC. Viral Hepatitis in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021 Jan;256:287-296.. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.052. Epub 2020 Nov 19. PMID: 33259998</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Churbakova O.V., Akimkin V.G., Makashova V.V., Chernova O.E., Pechkurov D.V. Efficacy of a direct antiviral drug in children with chronic hepatitis C. Epidemiology and infectious diseases. Topical issues. 2024; 14 (1): 102–107. (In Russ.)	Churbakova O.V., Akimkin V.G., Makashova V.V., Chernova O.E., Pechkurov D.V. Efficacy of a direct antiviral drug in children with chronic hepatitis C. Epidemiology and infectious diseases. Topical issues. 2024; 14 (1): 102–107. (In Russ.)	DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2024.14.1.102-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Clemente MG, Antonucci R, Sotgiu G, et al.. Present and future management of viral hepatitis B and C in children. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2020 Nov;44(6):801-809. Epub 2020 Mar 12. PMID: 32173307. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.02.010.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Clinical guidelines for chronic viral hepatitis C in children (ID: 824). 1 (In Russ.)	Clinical guidelines for chronic viral hepatitis C in children (ID: 824). 1 (In Russ.)	https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/824_1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>El-Shabrawi MHF, Kamal NM, Mogahed EA, Elhusseini MA, Aljabri MF. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus: an update. Arch Med Sci. 2019 Mar 15;16(6):1360-1369. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83644. PMID: 33224335; PMCID: PMC7667440</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Fomicheva A.A., Mamonova N.A., Pimenov N.N., Komarova S.V., Urtikov A.V., Goriacheva L.G., et al. (State and prospects of therapeutic treatment of children with chronic hepatitis C in the Russian Federation). Journal Infectology 2021; 13(1): 50–7. (In Russ.)..</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Fomicheva A.A., Mamonova N.A., Pimenov N.N., Komarova S.V., Urtikov A.V., Goriacheva L.G., et al. (State and prospects of therapeutic treatment of children with chronic hepatitis C in the Russian Federation). Journal Infectology 2021; 13(1): 50–7. (In Russ.)..</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-1-50-57</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Gorbunov S.G., Kandoba O.N., Odinaeva N.D. Experience of using a direct-acting antiviral drug in children with chronic hepatitis C in the Moscow region. CHILDREN INFECTIONS. 2025;24(3):24-28. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Gorbunov S.G., Kandoba O.N., Odinaeva N.D. Experience of using a direct-acting antiviral drug in children with chronic hepatitis C in the Moscow region. CHILDREN INFECTIONS. 2025;24(3):24-28. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>https://doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2025-24-3-24-28</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Goriacheva L.G., N.D. Ventslovayte, V. A. Greshnyakova. Viral hepatitis in children: state and prospects for solving the problem. Detskie Infektsii=Children's Infections. 2021; 20(4):35-41. (In Russ.)	Goriacheva L.G., N.D. Ventslovayte, V. A. Greshnyakova. Viral hepatitis in children: state and prospects for solving the problem. Detskie Infektsii=Children's Infections. 2021; 20(4):35-41. (In Russ.)	doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2021 -20-4-35-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Kaplunov K.O., Shishimorov I.N. Treating chronic HCV infection in children: challenges and regional perspectives // Vestnik VolGMU. 2024; 21(3): 168-172. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Kaplunov K.O., Shishimorov I.N. Treating chronic HCV infection in children: challenges and regional perspectives // Vestnik VolGMU. 2024; 21(3): 168-172. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>DOI: 10.19163/1994-9480-2024-21-3-168-172</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Matinyan I.A., Pavlovskaya E.V., Bagaeva M.E., Taran N.N., Zubovich A.I., Kutyreva E.N., Strokova T.V. Results of therapy with direct-acting antiviral drugs in children with chronic hepatitis C. Vopr. prakt. pediatr. (Clinical Practice in Pediatrics). 2021; 16(1): 79–84. (In Russ.) Matinyan I.A., Pavlovskaya E.V., Bagaeva M.E., Taran N.N., Zubovich A.I., Kutyreva E.N., Strokova T.V. Results of therapy with direct-acting antiviral drugs in children with chronic hepatitis C. Vopr. prakt. pediatr. (Clinical Practice in Pediatrics). 2021; 16(1): 79–84. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>DOI: 10.20953/1817-7646-2021-1-79-84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Meskina E.R., Galkina L.A., Tselipanova E.E., Odinaeva N.D. (Hepatitis C virus care cascade for children in Moscow Region). Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 2022; 99(5): 525–39. (In Russ.)	Meskina E.R., Galkina L.A., Tselipanova E.E., Odinaeva N.D. (Hepatitis C virus care cascade for children in Moscow Region). Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 2022; 99(5): 525–39. (In Russ.)	DOI 10.36233/0372-9311-330</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Mohd Hanafiah K, Groeger J, Flaxman AD, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. Hepatology. 2013 Apr;57(4):1333-42. doi: 10.1002/hep.26141. Epub 2013 Feb 4. PMID: 23172780.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Nefedova E.V., Radjabov H.M., Raskina E.E. Modern options of treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children in outpatient practice. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2022;25(6):422. (In Russ.)	Nefedova E.V., Radjabov H.M., Raskina E.E. Modern options of treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children in outpatient practice. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2022;25(6):422. (In Russ.)	https://doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2022-25-6-381-450</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation in 2023: State report. Moscow: Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2025. 424 p. (In Russ.) On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation in 2023: State report. Moscow: Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2025. 424 p. (In Russ.)	https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/documents/details.php?ELEMENT_ID=30172</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Panagiotakopoulos L, Sandul AL, et al. CDC Recommendations for Hepatitis C Testing Among Perinatally Exposed Infants and Children — United States, 2023. MMWR Recomm Rep 2023;72(No. RR-4):1–19. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7204a1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators. Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 May;7(5):396-415 Epub 2022 Feb 16. PMID: 35180382. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00472-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Raskina E.E., Zheleznikov P.A. Current problems of chronic hepatitis C management in children in outpatient practice. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2022;3(1):252 (In Russ.)	Raskina E.E., Zheleznikov P.A. Current problems of chronic hepatitis C management in children in outpatient practice. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2022;3(1):252 (In Russ.)	https://www.rospedj.ru/jour/article/view/411/341</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Strebkova Е.А., Kindalova Е.S., Zaitseva Е.А., Chernova О.E., Kalyshenko А.М., Konstantinov D.Yu. Opportunities for microelimination of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in a paediatric population. Infekc. bolezni (Infectious Diseases). 2024; 22(4): 21–25. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Strebkova Е.А., Kindalova Е.S., Zaitseva Е.А., Chernova О.E., Kalyshenko А.М., Konstantinov D.Yu. Opportunities for microelimination of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in a paediatric population. Infekc. bolezni (Infectious Diseases). 2024; 22(4): 21–25. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>DOI: 10.20953/1729-</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>9225-2024-4-21-25</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Ventslovayte N.D., Goriacheva L.G., Goriacheva V.A., Efremova N.A., Shilova I.V. (HCV treatment experience in children over 12 years old with a combined direct acting antiviral containing glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie). Infectious diseases: news, opinions, training 2021; 10(3): 57–66. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Ventslovayte N.D., Goriacheva L.G., Goriacheva V.A., Efremova N.A., Shilova I.V. (HCV treatment experience in children over 12 years old with a combined direct acting antiviral containing glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie). Infectious diseases: news, opinions, training 2021; 10(3): 57–66. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>DOI: 10.33029/2305-3496-2021-10-3-57-66</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
