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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18081</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-BCA-18081</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">B CELLS AND FOLLICULAR T-HELPER CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH LUNG TUBERCULOSIS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>В-ЛИМФОЦИТЫ И ФОЛЛИКУЛЯРНЫЕ Т-ХЕЛПЕРЫ ПРИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗЕ ЛЕГКИХ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of laboratory of cellular immunology; Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology, </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией клеточной иммунологии; доцент кафедры иммунологии </p></bio><email>igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubinstein</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубинштейн</surname><given-names>Артем Аркадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Cell Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>arrubin6@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starshinova</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старшинова</surname><given-names>Анна Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Probabilistic Methods in Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Saint Petersburg State University; Head of the Research Department, Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy with a Clinic, Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Akkuratova St., Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории лаборатории «Вероятностные методы в анализе» факультета Математики и Компьютерных наук Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета; начальник Управления научными исследованиями, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии с клиникой, ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</p></bio><email>starshinova_777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirova</surname><given-names>Adilya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабирова</surname><given-names>Адиля Радиковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Probabilistic Methods in Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, St. Petersburg State University; Assistant, Department of Phthisiology, Bashkir State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория «Вероятностные методы в анализе» факультета Математики и Компьютерных наук Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета; ассистент кафедры фтизиатрии ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»</p></bio><email>starshinova_777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva Nikolaevna</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Nikolaevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Probabilistic Methods in Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, St. Petersburg State University, Chief Physician of the Republican Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Petrozavodsk, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатории «Вероятностные методы в анализе» факультета Математики и Компьютерных наук Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, главный врач Республиканского противотуберкулезного диспансера, г. Петрозаводск, Россия</p></bio><email>igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">921055</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4129-7880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlai</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DMedSci, MD, Professor of the Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation; Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корр. РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры фармакологии Института Фармации ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет); профессор кафедры фармакогнозии и промышленной фармации факультета фундаментальной медицины Московского государственного университета имени М.В.Ломоносова; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии № 71, ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России</p></bio><email>D624254@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины», Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский Государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВПО "Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-28"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-17"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Kudryavtsev I.V., Rubinstein A.A., Starshinova A.A., Sabirova A.R., Belyaeva Nikolaevna E.N., Kudlai D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Кудрявцев И.В., Рубинштейн А.А., Старшинова А.А., Сабирова А.Р., Беляева Е.Н., Кудлай Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryavtsev I.V., Rubinstein A.A., Starshinova A.A., Sabirova A.R., Belyaeva Nikolaevna E.N., Kudlai D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцев И.В., Рубинштейн А.А., Старшинова А.А., Сабирова А.Р., Беляева Е.Н., Кудлай Д.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18081">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18081</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>M.tuberculosis</italic>-related mortality and morbidity remain one of the most relevant public health issues. Cell-mediated reactions involving both innate and adaptive cells play a major role protecting against <italic>M.tuberculosis</italic>. However, but it was noticed recently that diverse B cell subsets are also critical for controlling <italic>M.tuberculosis</italic> infection. Hence, our study was aimed to assess patterns for B cell subsets and circulating memory follicular Th (Tfh) cell subsets in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Peripheral blood samples were collected from treatment naïve TB patients (TB, n=37), and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC, n=39). Lymphocytes were stained with fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to define B cell and Tfh cell subsets using multicolor flow cytometry. It was found that the percentage of IgD+CD27–СD38– ‘naïve’ B cells was increased, whereas that of for IgD+CD27–CD38+ activated ‘naive’ and IgD+CD27–CD38++ circulating germinal-center B cell precursors decreased in TB patients vs. control. The decreased relative and absolute frequencies of IgD+CD27+ unswitched memory B cells, as well as the decreased relative numbers of IgD–CD27+ switched memory B cells were found in TB patients vs. control. We revealed the increased relative and absolute numbers of CD24+++CD38+++ Breg cells in TB group vs. control (7,83% (5,61; 15,14) vs. 4,84% (2,38; 7,15), and 15 cell/1μL (10; 26) vs. 9 cell/1μL (4; 17), р=0,001 and р=0,010, respectively). TB patients vs. control had decreased relative and absolute frequencies of CXCR3+CCR6– Tfh1 cells (27,86% (22,36; 32,04) vs. 32,27% (26,02; 36,65), р=0,009, and 26 cell/1μL (14; 45) vs. 37 cell/1μL (26; 48), р=0,011). Furthermore, the frequencies of circulating Tfh1 cells negatively correlated with the frequencies of IgD+CD27–CD38++ B cells (r=0,425, р=0,017) and CD24+++CD38+++ Bregs (r=0,569, р=0,001). Finally, we noticed that in patients with TB vs. control subjects CXCR3–CCR6– Tfh2 level was increased (20,55% (15,84; 26,20) vs. 16,86% (14,39; 22,05), p=0,022), and correlated with the relative frequency of IgD+CD27–CD38+ ‘naïve’ В cells (r=0,415, р=0,020). Thus, the data obtained allow to presume that peripheral blood B cell and Tfh cell subset compositions in pulmonary TB patients are disturbed suggesting that humoral immune response may be altered not only locally (in the site of infection), but also at the level of peripheral lymphoid tissues.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Заболеваемость и смертность, вызванные инфицированием<italic> M.tuberculosi</italic><italic>s</italic>, являются одной из актуальнейших проблем здравоохранения во всем мире. Ключевую роль в защите от данного патогена играют клеточные реакции, основанные на взаимодействие клеток системы врожденного и приобретенного иммунитета. Вместе с тем, в последние годы была показана важная роль различных популяций В-лимфоцитов в контроле над инфекцией. Поэтому целью данной работы был анализа субпопуляционного состава В-клеток периферической крови и циркулирующих в ней фолликулярных Т-хелперов, отвечающих за эффективное функционирование гуморального звена приобретенного иммунитета. В исследование было включено 37 больных туберкулезом легких с бактериовыделением (ТБ) в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет, а также группа здоровых индивидуумов (НС, n=39). Было показано, что относительное содержание IgD+CD27–СD38– «наивных» В-клеток достоверно снижалось при ТБ, тогда как доли IgD+CD27–CD38+ активированных «наивных» клеток и IgD+CD27–CD38++ клеток-предшественников В-клеток зародышевых центров достоверно возрастали. При анализе В-клеток памяти у пациентов с ТБ было отмечено снижение как относительного, так и абсолютного содержания IgD+CD27+ клеток. Кроме того, при ТБ наблюдалось уменьшение доли IgD–CD27+ В-клеток памяти в рамках общего пула В-лимфоцитов. Кроме того, относительное и абсолютное содержание CD24+++CD38+++ В-клеток при ТБ достоверно возрастало относительно значений НС (7,83% (5,61; 15,14) против 4,84% (2,38; 7,15) и 15 кл/1μL (10; 26) против 9 кл/1μL (4; 17) при р=0,001 и р=0,010, соответственно). Также, при ТБ снижается относительное и абсолютное содержание Tfh1 клеток по сравнению с НС (27,86% (22,36; 32,04) против 32,27% (26,02; 36,65) при р=0,009 и 26 кл/1μL (14; 45) против 37 кл/1μL (26; 48) при р=0,011, соответственно). Причем, повышение Tfh1 клеток коррелировало с увеличением доли IgD+CD27–CD38++ клеток-предшественников В-клеток зародышевых центров (r=0,425 при р=0,017) и CD24+++CD38+++ Breg (r=0,569 при р=0,001). Было отмечено увеличение доли Tfh2 клеток в циркуляции у пациентов с ТБ (20,55% (15,84; 26,20) против 16,86% (14,39; 22,05) при p=0,022), уровень которых активировал с содержанием IgD+CD27–CD38+ «наивных» В-клеток (r=0,415 при р=0,020). Полученные результаты позволяют предполагать нарушения в активации гуморального иммунного ответа, как на уровне очага воспаления, так и на уровне периферических лимфоидных органов при ТБ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>B cells</kwd><kwd>follicular Th cells</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd><kwd>Tfh cell subsets</kwd><kwd>regulatory B cells.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>В-клетки</kwd><kwd>фолликулярные Т-хелперы</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd><kwd>популяции Tfh</kwd><kwd>регуляторные В-клетки.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Данная работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке плановой теме НИР ФГБНУ «ИЭМ»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The work was carried out in the frames of the State Assignment of Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FGWG-2025-0004 (рег. № 1022041101001-1)</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	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