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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1807</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-MAT-1807</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Methodological approaches to differential detection of EBV1/EBV2 and HHV6A/HHV6B in saliva</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Методические подходы к дифференциальной детекции ВЭБ-1/ВЭБ-2 и ВГЧ-6A/ВГЧ-6B в слюне</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-5862</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4485-2459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>Mariia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-525X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>utkino2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-8440</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5626-3491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryzgalova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брызгалова</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>moskvinadara7@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-4283</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6891-2140</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Senatskaia</surname><given-names>Anna O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенатская</surname><given-names>Анна Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>seanna@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-9618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soboleva</surname><given-names>Evgeniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболева</surname><given-names>Евгения Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Infectologist, Assistant Professor, Infectious Diseases Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-инфекционист, ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>Fullofcarrot@pimunn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-2033</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8457-3501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharnov</surname><given-names>Nikolai A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарнов</surname><given-names>Николай Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>saharnov@nniiem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6683-7191</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1986-8147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>filatova@nniiem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-1164</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4331-6958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Infectologist, Allergologist and Immunologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-инфекционист, аллерголог-иммунолог</p></bio><email>dr_kulova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН Нижегородский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tonus Krokha and Family Dentistry Clinic LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Тонус Кроха и семейная стоматология»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>461</fpage><lpage>474</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-28"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Popkova M.I., Utkin O.V., Bryzgalova D.A., Senatskaia A.O., Soboleva E.A., Sakharnov N.A., Filatova E.N., Kulova E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Попкова М.И., Уткин О.В., Брызгалова Д.А., Сенатская А.О., Соболева Е.А., Сахарнов Н.А., Филатова Е.Н., Кулова Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popkova M.I., Utkin O.V., Bryzgalova D.A., Senatskaia A.O., Soboleva E.A., Sakharnov N.A., Filatova E.N., Kulova E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попкова М.И., Уткин О.В., Брызгалова Д.А., Сенатская А.О., Соболева Е.А., Сахарнов Н.А., Филатова Е.Н., Кулова Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1807">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1807</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesviruses 6A and 6B (HHV6A and HHV6B) are ubiquitous, infecting representatives of all social groups, starting from early childhood. Currently, information on the genetic heterogeneity of EBV, even at the level of the main types (EBV1 and EBV2), as well as HHV6A and HHV6B, their prevalence and clinical significance are limited mainly by foreign data. In Russia, there are not so many publications devoted to this issue. In this case, the objects of study are mainly plasma and leukocytes of peripheral blood, scrapings or swabs from the oropharynx are used much less often. Saliva is the main factor in the transmission and spread of EBV and HHV6A/B infections. Saliva testing is an affordable, inexpensive, and non-invasive method for detecting viral DNA. The purpose of this work is to improve the methodological base for differential detection of HHV6A/HHV6B and the main types of EBV in saliva. The material for the study was unstimulated mixed saliva of children aged 1–17 years with acute infectious mononucleosis (n = 22) and no clinical symptoms of this disease (n = 26), as well as conditionally healthy adults (n = 9). Samples were collected once and dynamically (daily for 14 days). The detection and quantification of EBV DNA and HHV6A/B DNA was performed using real-time PCR. For the differential determination of EBV1/EBV2 and HHV6A/HHV6B, an optimized one-round PCR variant with electrophoretic detection of amplification products in an agarose gel was used. Statistical data processing was carried out using the R programming language and the RStudio environment. According to the results of our own research, the frequency of detection of EBV, HHV6A/B and EBV+HHV6A/B DNA in acute infectious mononucleosis was 95, 91 and 86%, and among conventionally healthy children — 69, 85 and 61.5%, respectively. It was found that among the examined children of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, EBV1 and HHV6B prevail in the viral population, which is consistent with existing ideas about their geographical distribution in the adjacent territories. EBV2 and HHV6A were not detected in any of the examined saliva samples. According to the results of 14-day dynamic monitoring of saliva virus secretion in healthy virus carriers (adults and children), it was shown that a single EBV DNA study does not allow to reliably assess the infection of individuals or the intensity of EBV secretion. In this case, HHV6A/B is characterized by a more constant and uniform release. The methodological approach optimized in this work makes it possible to separately detect EBV1/EBV2 and HHV6A/HHV6B according to a single laboratory protocol, and in combination with an additional stage of saliva sample preparation increases the diagnostic sensitivity of PCR analysis, minimizes the proportion of discordant and false negative results. Such an integrated approach can be applied for diagnostic, epidemiological and research purposes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вирус Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ) и вирусы герпеса человека 6А и 6В (ВГЧ-6А и ВГЧ-6В) убиквитарны, инфицируют все социальные группы. В России сведения о генетической неоднородности ВЭБ, даже на уровне основных типов (ВЭБ-1 и ВЭБ-2), а также ВГЧ-6А и ВГЧ-6В, их распространенности и клиническом значении ограничиваются единичными публикациями. Преимущественно исследовались плазма и лейкоциты крови. Слюна — основной фактор передачи и распространения ВЭБ- и ВГЧ-6А/В-инфекции, доступный, недорогой, неинвазивный материал для обнаружения вирусной ДНК. Цель данной работы — совершенствование методической базы для дифференциальной детекции ВГЧ-6А/ВГЧ-6B и основных типов ВЭБ в слюне. Материалом исследования послужила нестимулированная смешанная слюна детей в возрасте 1–17 лет с острым инфекционным мононуклеозом (n = 22) и с отсутствием клинических симптомов данного заболевания (n = 26), а также условно здоровых взрослых (n = 9). Образцы собирали однократно и в динамике (ежедневно в течение 14 дней). Количественное определение ДНК ВЭБ и ВГЧ-6А/В выполнено методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени. Для дифференциальной детекции ВЭБ-1/ВЭБ-2 и ВГЧ-6А/ВГЧ-6В в работе применялся оптимизированный однораундовый вариант ПЦР с электрофоретической детекцией продуктов амплификации в агарозном геле. В результате частота выявления ДНК ВЭБ, ВГЧ-6А/В и ВЭБ+ВГЧ-6А/В при остром инфекционном мононуклеозе составила 95, 91 и 86%, среди условно здоровых детей — 69, 85 и 61,5% соответственно. Установлено, что у детей Нижегородского региона в слюне преобладают исключительно ВЭБ-1 и ВГЧ-6В. По результатам 14-дневного динамического мониторинга выделения вирусов со слюной у здоровых вирусоносителей (взрослых и детей) показано, что однократное исследование ДНК ВЭБ не позволяет достоверно оценить инфицированность лиц или интенсивность выделения ВЭБ. При этом ВГЧ-6А/В характеризуется более постоянным и равномерным выделением. Оптимизированный в данной работе методический подход позволяет раздельно детектировать ВЭБ-1/ВЭБ-2 и ВГЧ-6А/ВГЧ-6В по единому лабораторному протоколу, а в сочетании с дополнительным этапом пробоподготовки слюны повышает диагностическую чувствительность ПЦР-анализа, минимизирует долю дискордантных и ложноотрицательных результатов. Такой комплексный подход может применяться в диагностических, эпидемиологических и научно-исследовательских целях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EBV1</kwd><kwd>EBV2</kwd><kwd>HHV6A</kwd><kwd>HHV6B</kwd><kwd>saliva</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>differential detection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВЭБ-1</kwd><kwd>ВЭБ-2</kwd><kwd>ВГЧ-6А</kwd><kwd>ВГЧ-6В</kwd><kwd>слюна</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная детекция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бабаченко И.В., Шарипова Е.В., Мурина Е.А. Cовременные подходы к диагностике инфекционного мононуклеоза у детей // Клиническая больница. 2012. № 4 (03). C. 62–66. [Babachenko I.V., Sharipova E.V., Murina E.A. Contemporary approaches to the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis in children. Klinicheskaya bolnitsa = The Hospital, 2012, no. 4 (03), pp. 62–66. 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