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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18016</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-APO-18016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analyzing pattern of microorganisms isolated from synovial fluid in patients with chronic orthopedic infection of large joints of extremities</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение структуры микроорганизмов, выделенных из синовиальной жидкости у пациентов с хронической ортопедической инфекцией крупных суставов конечностей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4283-907X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57196245169</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9661-3163</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismatullin</surname><given-names>Danir D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исматуллин</surname><given-names>Данир Дамирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of Llaboratory of Culture and Proteomic Research in Microbiology, Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. лабораторией культуромных и протеомных исследований в микробиологии Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>d.d.ismatullin@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9384-6854</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57201197110</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6871-1845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Andrei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. лабораторией молекулярной патологии Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>a.v.kozlov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1895</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55066363500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6607-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamin</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямин</surname><given-names>Артем Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, Director of Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент, директор Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>a.v.lyamin@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-7294</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57191981656</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4180-6470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudashev</surname><given-names>Dmitriy S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудашев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Extreme Surgery named after academician of the RAS A.F. Krasnov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и экстремальной хирургии имени академика РАН А.Ф. Краснова</p></bio><email>d.s.kudashev@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4059-3325</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58598519600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6243-8250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sefedinova</surname><given-names>Maria Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сефединова</surname><given-names>Мария Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры общей хирургии и хирургических болезней</p></bio><email>m.yu.sefedinova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6131-0399</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58983505100</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2499-4504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>Андрей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orthopedist Traumatologist, Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics No. 1, Clinics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач травматолого-ортопедического отделения № 1 Клиник</p></bio><email>a.a.knyazev@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3777-9331</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7741-4951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>Varvara V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>Варвара Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Specialist of the Laboratory of Genetic Technologies in Microbiology, Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>специалист лаборатории генетических технологий в микробиологии Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>v.v.marchenko@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1345-930X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">59130181700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5783-7726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulivanova</surname><given-names>Viktoria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уливанова</surname><given-names>Виктория Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Specialist of the Laboratory for the Development and Expertise of New Medical Devices for In Vitro Diagnostics, Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>специалист лаборатории разработки и экспертизы новых медицинских изделий для диагностики in vitro Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>v.a.ulivanova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Самарский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>319</fpage><lpage>325</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-05"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Ismatullin D.D., Kozlov A.V., Lyamin A.V., Kudashev D.S., Sefedinova M.Y., Knyazev A.A., Marchenko V.V., Ulivanova V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Исматуллин Д.Д., Козлов А.В., Лямин А.В., Кудашев Д.С., Сефединова М.Ю., Князев А.А., Марченко В.В., Уливанова В.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ismatullin D.D., Kozlov A.V., Lyamin A.V., Kudashev D.S., Sefedinova M.Y., Knyazev A.A., Marchenko V.V., Ulivanova V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исматуллин Д.Д., Козлов А.В., Лямин А.В., Кудашев Д.С., Сефединова М.Ю., Князев А.А., Марченко В.В., Уливанова В.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18016">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/18016</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Total arthroplasty is a key method for treating degenerative and dystrophic diseases of large joints. The most serious complication related to endoprosthesis is periprosthetic infection, the treatment of which involves significant economic costs and a high risk of recurrence. Therefore, during endoprosthetics, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary microbiological examination, which allows to choose the most effective etiotropic therapy especially important in case of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, fungi and mixed infections. The aim of the study was to analyze the pattern of microorganisms isolated from synovial fluid in patients with chronic orthopedic infection of large joints of the extremities. The study included 79 patients with suspected periprosthetic infection and 15 patients with chronic arthritis combined with osteonecrosis. Synovial fluid samples were delivered to the microbiological laboratory of SamSMU Clinics, where positive samples were cultured and microorganisms were identified using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry (Bruker, Germany). The study found that among Gram-positive pathogens, <italic>S. aureus</italic> was the most common — 45.9% (56 strains), <italic>S. epidermidis</italic> — 29.5% (36 strains) and <italic>C. striatum</italic> — 13.1% (16 strains) of cases. Among<italic> S. aureus</italic>, 17.9% were methicillin-resistant. <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> was the dominant Gram-negative species (50%), <italic>E. coli</italic> was the second most common, with 33.2%. 9 strains of<italic> K. pneumoniae</italic> produced beta-lactamase, and carbapenemases were detected in 4 cases. All<italic> E. coli</italic> strains were producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. In patients with chronic arthritis and osteonecrosis, Gram-positive pathogens were mainly isolated (73.3%), including methicillin-resistant <italic>S. aureus</italic> (25%). Gram-negative pathogens accounted for 26.7%, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers prevailed. Hence, Gram-positive bacteria predominate in the pattern of pathogens, especially <italic>S. aureus</italic> and coagulase-negative <italic>Staphylococcus</italic> spp. Gram-negative microorganisms act as an etiological agent much less frequently, however, the frequency of prevalence for strains with multiple antibiotic resistance is increasing among them. Thus, conducting a preliminary microbiological examination to determine antibiotic sensitivity becomes a necessary step during endoprosthetics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тотальное эндопротезирование является ключевым методом лечения дегенеративно-дистрофических заболеваний крупных суставов. Наиболее серьезным осложнением эндопротезирования является перипротезная инфекция, терапия которой сопряжена со значительными экономическими затратами и высоким риском развития рецидивов. Поэтому при эндопротезировании необходимо проводить предварительное микробиологическое исследование. Данный этап позволяет выбрать наиболее эффективную этиотропную терапию, что особенно важно при наличии антибиотикорезистентных микроорганизмов, грибов и микст-инфекции. Цель исследования — проанализировать структуру микроорганизмов, выделенных из синовиальной жидкости у пациентов с хронической ортопедической инфекцией крупных суставов конечностей. В исследование включены 79 пациентов с подозрением на перипротезную инфекцию и 15 пациентов с хроническим артритом в сочетании с остеонекрозом. Образцы синовиальной жидкости доставляли в микробиологическую лабораторию Клиник СамГМУ, где осуществлялся посев положительных образцов и идентификация микроорганизмов методом MALDI-ToF масс-спектрометрии (Bruker, Германия). В ходе исследования был установлено, что среди грамположительных возбудителей наиболее часто выделялись <italic>S. aureus</italic> — 45,9% (56 штаммов), <italic>S. epidermidis</italic> — 29,5% (36 штаммов) и <italic>C. striatum</italic> — 13,1% (16 штаммов) случаев. Среди<italic> S. aureus</italic> 17,9% были метициллин-резистентными (MRSA). Среди грамотрицательных доминировал вид <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> — 50%, вторым по частоте встречаемости выявлялся <italic>E. coli</italic> — 33,2%. 9 штаммов<italic> K. pneumoniae</italic> продуцировали БЛРС, а в 4 случаях были выявлены карбапенемазы. Все штаммы<italic> E. coli</italic> являлись продуцентами бета-лактамаз расширенного спектра действия. У пациентов с хроническим артритом и остеонекрозом выделялись преимущественно грамположительные возбудители — 73,3%, включая метициллин-резистентный золотистый стафилококк — 25%. Из грамотрицательных патогенов (26,7%), преобладали продуценты бета-лактамаз расширенного спектра. Из этого следует, что в структуре возбудителей преобладают грамположительные бактерии, в особенности <italic>S. aureus</italic> и когулазонегативные стафилококки. Грамотрицательные микроорганизмы в качестве этиологического агента выступают значительно реже, однако среди них возрастает частота встречаемости штаммов с множественной устойчивостью к антибиотикам. Таким образом, проведение предварительного микробиологическго исследования с определением антибиотикочувствительности становится необходимым этапом при проведении эндопротезирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>synovial fluid</kwd><kwd>periprosthetic infection</kwd><kwd>bacterial arthritis</kwd><kwd>joints</kwd><kwd>endoprosthetics</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синовиальная жидкость</kwd><kwd>перипротезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>бактериальный артрит</kwd><kwd>суставы</kwd><kwd>эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Григорьева Н.Н., Айрапетов Г.А. Механизмы развития патологии опорно-двигательного аппарата после перенесенной инфекции COVID-19 // Гений ортопедии. 2024. Т. 30, № 1. С. 153–162. [Grigoryeva N.N., Airapetov G.A. 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