Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1799610.15789/2220-7619-POH-17996ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticlePrevalence of human papillomavirus in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysisРаспространенность вируса папилломы человека при плоскоклеточном раке полости рта и ротоглотки: систематический обзор и метаанализKumarAjayКумарАджай
India

Professor of the Department of Anatomy

профессор кафедры анатомии

drajaykumar30july@gmail.comSinghVinodСингхВинод
India

Professor of the Department of Medicine

профессор кафедры внутренних болезней

drvinodkumarsingh85@gmail.comSharmaSonikaШармаСоника
India

Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy

доцент кафедры анатомии

soniyasharma19922@gmail.comLalwaniAsthaЛалваниАстха
India

Professor of the Department of Anatomy

профессор кафедры анатомии

asthalalwani7@gmail.comTeerthanker Mahaveer UniversityУниверситет Тиртханкар Махавир13112025010620261622272422308202505112025Copyright ©; 2026, Kumar A., Singh V., Sharma S., Lalwani A.Copyright ©; 2026, Кумар А., Сингх В., Шарма С., Лалвани А.2026Kumar A., Singh V., Sharma S., Lalwani A.Кумар А., Сингх В., Шарма С., Лалвани А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17996

Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and has also been implicated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, global prevalence data for HPV in OSCC and OPSCC remain heterogeneous. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the pooled prevalence of HPV in OSCC and OPSCC, analyzing variations by gender, geographical distribution, and sample size. Materials and methods. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed for published literature till February 2025, identifying relevant studies reporting HPV prevalence in OSCC and OPSCC. A proportional meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with double arcsine transformation. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on gender, cancer type (OSCC vs OPSCC), and study location. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results. A total of 103 studies, comprising 13 060 OSCC/OPSCC patients, were included. The pooled prevalence of HPV was significantly higher in OPSCC (45.95%) compared to OSCC (15.50%). South America exhibited the highest prevalence (38.58%), while regional differences were evident across other continents. Male patients showed a slightly higher HPV prevalence (24.36%) compared to females. Polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization were the most commonly used HPV detection methods. High heterogeneity (I2 > 75%) was observed across studies, indicating methodological and population-based variability. Egger’s test did not show significant publication bias (p = 0.0931), though the funnel plot suggested some degree of asymmetry. Conclusion. This meta-analysis provides comprehensive global estimates of HPV prevalence in OSCC and OPSCC, reinforcing the strong association between HPV and OPSCC while highlighting its relatively lower prevalence in OSCC. Regional and gender-based differences underline the need for standardized HPV detection protocols and expanded vaccination programs targeting both genders. Future research should focus on improving diagnostic accuracy and understanding HPV’s role in OSCC pathogenesis.

Введение. Вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) является общепризнанным фактором риска плоскоклеточного рака (ПКР) ротоглотки, а также связан с ПКР полости рта. Однако данные о глобальной распространенности ВПЧ при ПКР ротоглотки и ПКР ротовой полости остаются неоднородными. Целью данного систематического обзора и метаанализа является определение совокупной распространенности ВПЧ при ПКР ротоглотки и ПКР полости рта, анализируя различия по полу, географическому распределению и размеру выборки. Материалы и методы. Был проведен поиск литературы в PubMed по состоянию на февраль 2025 г. с целью выявления соответствующих исследований, сообщающих о распространенности ВПЧ при ПКР ротоглотки и ПКР ротоглотки. Пропорциональный метаанализ был проведен с использованием модели случайных эффектов с двойным арксинусным преобразованием. Анализ подгрупп проводился с учетом пола, типа рака (ПКР ротоглотки против ПКР полости рта) и места проведения исследования. Гетерогенность оценивалась с помощью статистики I2, а смещение публикаций — с помощью воронкообразных диаграмм и теста Эггера. Результаты. Было проанализировано в общей сложности 103 исследования, включавшие 13 060 пациентов с ПКР ротоглотки/ПКР полости рта. Общая распространенность ВПЧ была значительно выше при ПКР ротоглотки (45,95%) по сравнению с ПКР полости рта (15,50%). Самая высокая распространенность (38,58%) показана для Южной Америки, на других континентах отмечены региональные различия. У пациентов мужского пола распространенность ВПЧ была немного выше (24,36%), чем у женщин. Наиболее часто используемыми методами обнаружения ВПЧ были полимеразная цепная реакция и гибридизация in situ. В разных исследованиях наблюдалась высокая гетерогенность (I2 > 75%), что указывает на методологическую и популяционную изменчивость. Тест Эггера не выявил значительного публикационного смещения (p = 0,0931), хотя воронкообразная диаграмма предполагала некоторую степень асимметрии. Выводы. Настоящий метаанализ предоставляет комплексные глобальные оценки распространенности ВПЧ при ПКР ротоглотки и ПКР полости рта, подтверждая тесную связь между ВПЧ и ПКР ротоглотки и относительно более низкую распространенность при ПКР полости рта. Региональные и гендерные различия подчеркивают необходимость стандартизированных протоколов выявления ВПЧ и расширенных программ вакцинации, охватывающих оба пола. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть направлены на повышение точности диагностики и понимание роли ВПЧ в патогенезе ПКР полости рта.

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