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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17963</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-EPO-17963</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiological patterns of salmonellosis incidence among the population of Armenia in 2009–2024</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиологические закономерности заболеваемости населения Армении сальмонеллезом в 2009–2024 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Palozyan</surname><given-names>Gennady H.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Палозян</surname><given-names>Геннадий Овсепович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Epidemiologist, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог Управления «Эпидемиология инфекционных заболеваний»</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hovhannisyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ованнисян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Statistics and Analysis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отделом аналитики и статистики</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryan</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорян</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Epidemiologist, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог Управления «Эпидемиология инфекционных заболеваний»</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abovyan</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абовян</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник Управления «Эпидемиология инфекционных заболеваний»</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsakanyan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаканян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher of Reference Laboratory Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник Референс лабораторного центра</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Margaryan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маргарян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher of Reference Laboratory Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник Референс лабораторного центра</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachatryan</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатрян</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher of Reference Laboratory Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник Референс лабораторного центра</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melik-Andreasyan</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелик-Андреасян</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific Work of Reference Laboratory Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зам. директора по научной работе Референс лабораторного центра</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atoyan</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атоян</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), General Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., генеральный директор</p></bio><email>ncdc.palozyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health Republic of Armenia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГНКО «Национальный центр по контролю и профилактике заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Армения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1152</fpage><lpage>1158</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-24"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Palozyan G.H., Hovhannisyan A.S., Grigoryan N.A., Abovyan R.A., Tsakanyan A.V., Margaryan A.V., Khachatryan T.S., Melik-Andreasyan G.G., Atoyan S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Палозян Г.О., Ованнисян А.С., Григорян Н.А., Абовян Р.А., Цаканян А.В., Маргарян А.В., Хачатрян Т.С., Мелик-Андреасян Г.Г., Атоян С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Palozyan G.H., Hovhannisyan A.S., Grigoryan N.A., Abovyan R.A., Tsakanyan A.V., Margaryan A.V., Khachatryan T.S., Melik-Andreasyan G.G., Atoyan S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Палозян Г.О., Ованнисян А.С., Григорян Н.А., Абовян Р.А., Цаканян А.В., Маргарян А.В., Хачатрян Т.С., Мелик-Андреасян Г.Г., Атоян С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17963">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17963</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Salmonella infection remains one of the most significant global public health challenges, characterized by high prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, substantial socio-economic burden, and wide variability of clinical manifestations, which underscores the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance, improvement of laboratory diagnostics, and the development of effective prevention strategies at the international level. The aim of the study was to analyze the data and determine the burden of salmonellosis among people in Armenia. <italic>Materials and methods.</italic> The study was conducted during the period spanning from 2009 to 2024 based on statistical reporting data received by the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia. Descriptive epidemiology was used in the study. Statistical data analysis was performed using MS Excel and R software packages. Results: During the analyzed period, the incidence of salmonellosis among the population of Armenia increased from 15.2 per 100 000 habitants in 2009 to 22.5 in 2024. The percentage of salmonellosis among all cases of acute intestinal infections increased from 2.8–4.5% in the period from 2012 to 2018 to 6.0–7.1% in the period from 2019 to 2024 (p &lt; 0.001). Analyzing the dynamics of morbidity by month shows that the peak of morbidity among people occurs in the summer months. Analysis of the dynamics of salmonellosis incidence over the past 13 years by age groups shows that the incidence among the child population has always been higher (4.8–8.5 times, p &lt; 0.001). The incidence among children in the period from 2016 to 2024 increased by 1.6 times, and among adults — by 2.3 times. Analysis by individual pediatric age groups showed that the incidence of salmonellosis declines with increasing age. <italic>Conclusion.</italic> As a result of our study, salmonellosis burden in Armenia was found to be at high level. The high incidence among pediatric population with rise in indicator levels over the past 5 years are comparable to trends recorded in European countries. Based on the results obtained, the authors developed a number of recommendations for improving salmonellosis epidemiological surveillance system in Armenia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Сальмонеллезная инфекция остается одной из наиболее значимых глобальных проблем здравоохранения, характеризуется высокой распространенностью, устойчивостью к противомикробным препаратам, значительным социально-экономическим бременем, а также широкой вариабельностью клинических проявлений, что обусловливает необходимость постоянного эпидемиологического надзора, совершенствования лабораторной диагностики и разработки эффективных стратегий профилактики на международном уровне. Цель исследования: оценка бремени заболеваемости сальмонеллезом в Армении. <italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> Исследование было проведено на основании данных статистической отчетности за период с 2009 по 2024 гг., поступившей в Национальный центр по контролю и профилактике заболеваний Министерства Здравоохранения Республики Армения. В ходе исследования была применена описательная эпидемиология. Статистический анализ данных проведен с использованием программных пакетов MS Excel и R. <italic>Результаты.</italic> В течение анализируемого периода времени заболеваемость сальмонеллезом среди населения Республики Армения повысилась в 1,5 раза (с 15,2 на 100 тыс. населения в 2009 г. до 22,5 — в 2024 г.). Удельный вес сальмонеллеза среди всех случаев острых кишечных инфекций вырос с 2,8–4,5% в период с 2012 по 2018 гг. до 6,0–7,1% — в период с 2019 по 2024 г. (p &lt; 0,001). Анализ динамики заболеваемости по месяцам показывает, что ее пик приходится на летние месяцы. Анализ динамики заболеваемости сальмонеллезом за последние 13 лет по возрастным группам показывает, что заболеваемость детского населения всегда была выше (в 4,8–8,5 раза, p &lt; 0,001). Заболеваемость детей в период с 2016 по 2024 г. возросла в 1,6 раза, а среди взрослых — в 2,3 раза. Анализ по отдельным детским возрастным группам показал, что с увеличением возраста заболеваемость сальмонеллезом снижается. <italic>Заключение.</italic> В результате проведенного нами исследования было установлено высокое бремя сальмонеллеза в Республике Армения. Высокая заболеваемость детского населения с ростом показателей за последние 5 лет сопоставима с тенденциями в европейских странах. На основании полученных результатов авторами разработан ряд рекомендаций по улучшению эпидемиологического надзора за сальмонеллезом в стране.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>salmonellosis</kwd><kwd>surveillance</kwd><kwd>analysis</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>intestinal infections</kwd><kwd>Republic of Armenia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сальмонеллез</kwd><kwd>эпиднадзор</kwd><kwd>анализ</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>кишечные инфекции</kwd><kwd>Республика Армения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bhunia A.K. Salmonella enterica. In: Bhunia A.K. Foodborne Microbial Pathogens: Mechanisms and Pathogenesis. Springer; New York, NY, USA: 2018, pp. 271–287.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Cason E.E., Carlson A.V., Siemens A.L., Shariat N.W. 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