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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17950</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-BPC-17950</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Blood plasma сytokine levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B stage-dependent liver fibrosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка уровня цитокинов в плазме крови больных хроническим вирусным гепатитом В при различных стадиях фиброза печени</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batsunov</surname><given-names>Oleg K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бацунов</surname><given-names>Олег Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии, старший лаборант кафедры иммунологии</p></bio><email>batsunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arsentieva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арсентьева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Associate Professor, Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии, доцент кафедры иммунологии</p></bio><email>batsunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Liubimova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Infectiologist, Department of Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p></bio><email>batsunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Duong</surname><given-names>D. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыонг</surname><given-names>Д. Ч.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>infectious disease doctor of the Department of epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-инфекционист отдела эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>batsunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases Adults and Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>batsunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Esaulenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эсауленко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases Adults and Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией вирусных гепатитов, зав. кафедрой инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>batsunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Director, Head of the Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, директор, зав. кафедрой иммунологии</p></bio><email>batsunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Инфекция и иммунитет</issue-title><fpage>703</fpage><lpage>718</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-08"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Batsunov O.K., Arsentieva N.A., Liubimova N.E., Duong D., Basina V.V., Esaulenko E.V., Totolian A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Бацунов О.К., Арсентьева Н.А., Любимова Н.Е., Зыонг Д., Басина В.В., Эсауленко Е.В., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Batsunov O.K., Arsentieva N.A., Liubimova N.E., Duong D., Basina V.V., Esaulenko E.V., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бацунов О.К., Арсентьева Н.А., Любимова Н.Е., Зыонг Д., Басина В.В., Эсауленко Е.В., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17950">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17950</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Hepatitis B is an infectious inflammatory liver disease resulting from hepatitis B virus infection. According to the WHO estimates, 254 million people with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were recorded worldwide in 2022. CHB is accompanied by developing liver fibrosis, which leads to impaired liver function. The progression of liver fibrosis involves multilayered cellular interactions between hepatic stellate cells, resident macrophages, and specialized immune cells. this cell interplay is regulated by humoral factors, among which cytokines play a key role. Due to this, the analysis of peripheral blood cytokines in CHB patients allows assessment of immune process activity in the liver, fibrosis progression intensity, and therapeutic effectiveness. The aim of our work was to evaluate blood plasma cytokine spectrum in CHB patients related to liver fibrosis staging.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 53 patients diagnosed with chronic viral hepatitis B, subdivided into three groups based on liver fibrosis stage. Blood plasma samples were collected from all study subjects. Concentration for 42 cytokines was assessed by xMAP multiplexing technology. The results underwent statistical processing using nonparametric statistical methods.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Compared to apparently healthy group, CHB patients showed: significantly elevated concentrations for IL-6, IL-27, CCL11/Eotaxin, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL-10/IP-10, M-CSF; significantly decreased levels for IL-2, IL-4, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17A, IFN2α, sCD40L, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL7/MCP-3, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL8/IL-8, CX3CL1/ Fractalkine, EGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, VEGF-A. Based on different liver fibrosis stages, significant differences in cytokine levels were found between patient groups for: IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-27, sCD40L, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL-10/IP-10, M-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between liver fibrosis severity and levels for IL-6, IL-27, TNFα, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, and M-CSF, and a negative relationship between the severity of liver fibrosis and levels for IL-12(p70), IFN2α, sCD40L, CX3CL1/Fractalkine, EGF, PDGF-AA and PDGF-AB/BB. Thus, blood plasma cytokine spectrum in CHB patients was evaluated, identifying factors involved in CHB immunopathogenesis, including those playing a significant role for developing liver fibrosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Гепатит B — инфекционное воспалительное заболевание печени, развивающееся в результате инфицирования вирусом гепатита В. По оценкам ВОЗ, к 2022 г. в мире насчитывалось 254 млн человек, живущих с хроническим вирусным гепатитом В (ХВГВ). Хроническое течение заболевания характеризуется формированием фиброза печени, который приводит к нарушению ее функционирования. Развитие фиброза печени сопровождается формированием комплекса клеточных взаимодействий между звездчатыми клетками печени, резидентными макрофагами и специализированными иммунными клетками. Регуляторами этих взаимодействий выступают различные гуморальные факторы, среди которых одна из ключевых ролей принадлежит цитокинам. Благодаря этому, анализ цитокинов в периферической крови при хроническом гепатите В дает возможность оценить активность иммунных процессов в печени, интенсивность формирования фиброза и эффективность проводимой терапии. Целью нашей работы стала комплексная оценка широкого спектра цитокинов в плазме крови больных ХВГВ в зависимости от стадии фиброза печени.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование было включено 53 пациента с диагнозом хронический вирусный гепатит В. Пациенты были разделены на три группы в зависимости от стадии фиброза печени. Материалом исследования служила плазма крови. Методом мультиплексного анализа по технологии xMAP определяли концентрации 42 цитокинов. Полученные результаты подвергали статистической обработке с использованием методов непараметрической статистики.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><italic> </italic>У больных ХВГВ по сравнению с группой условно здоровых лиц обнаружены достоверно повышенные концентрации цитокинов IL-6, IL-27, CCL11/Eotaxin, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL-10/IP-10 и M-CSF. У больных ХВГВ по сравнению с группой условно здоровых лиц обнаружены пониженные концентрации цитокинов IL-2, IL-4, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17A, IFN2α, sCD40L, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL7/MCP-3, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL8/IL-8, CX3CL1/Fractalkine, EGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB и VEGF-A. Выявлены достоверные различия в группах пациентов с различными стадиями фиброза печени в содержании цитокинов IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-27, sCD40L, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL-10/IP-10, M-CSF, PDGF-AA и PDGF-AB/BB. Корреляционный анализ выявил положительную связь между тяжестью фиброза печени и содержанием цитокинов IL-6, IL-27, TNFα, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, а также M-CSF и отрицательную — между тяжестью фиброза печени и содержанием цитокинов IL-12(p70), IFN2α, sCD40L, CX3CL1/Fractalkine, EGF, PDGF-AA и PDGF-AB/BB. Таким образом, была проведена оценка широкого спектра цитокинов в плазме крови больных ХВГВ и выявлены факторы, вовлеченные в иммунопатогенез ХВГВ, в том числе, значимые для формирования фиброза печени.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic viral hepatitis B</kwd><kwd>liver fibrosis</kwd><kwd>immunopathogenesis</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>chemokines</kwd><kwd>growth factors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический вирусный гепатит В</kwd><kwd>фиброз печени</kwd><kwd>иммунопатогенез</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>хемокины</kwd><kwd>факторы роста</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Арсентьева Н. А., Бацунов О. К., Любимова Н. Е., Басина В.В., Эсауленко Е.В., Тотолян А.А. Профиль цитокинов плазмы крови больных хроническим вирусным гепатитом С // Медицинская иммунология. 2024. Т. 26, № 6. С. 1235–1248. 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